Shahrisabz

Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz *
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Country	Uzbekistan
Type	Cultural
Criteria	iii, iv
Reference	885
Region **	Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	2000 (24th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List ** Region as classified by UNESCO

Shakhrisabz (Uzbek: Shahrisabz / Шаҳрисабз; Persian: شهر سبز / Shahr-e Sabz; Russian: Шахрисабз), is a city in Uzbekistan located approximately 80 km south of Samarkand with the population of 53,000 (1991). It is located at the altitude of 622 m. Once a major city of Central Asia, it is primarily known today as the birthplace of 14th century Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. Its name (شهر سبز) means "green/verdant city" in Persian.

History

Formerly known as Kash (i.e., "heart-pleasing") and tentatively identified with the ancient Nautaca Shahrisabz should be counted among Central Asia’s most ancient cities. It was founded more than 2700 years ago.

From the 6th to 4th centuries BC it was a part of Akhemenid empire.

Alexander the Great's general Ptolemy captured the satrap of Bactria and pretender to the Persian throne, Bessus, at Nautaca thus ending the once great Achaemenid Empire. Alexander the Great chose to spend his winters and met his wife Roxanna in the area in 328-327 BC.

From 4th to 8th century Kesh was one of urban centers of Sogdiana.

Between 567 and 658 rulers of Kesh paid taxes to caghans of Turkic and Western Turkic caghanates.

In 710 city was conqured by Arabs.

Shahrisabz was the birthplace of Timur on April 9, 1336, to the family of a minor local chief, and during the early years of the Timurid Dynasty, enjoyed its considerable patronage. Timur regarded Shahrisabz as his “home town” and planned it eventually to be the location of his tomb. However, during the Timurid period, the center of activity shifted to Samarkand instead.

According to legend, The Khan of Bukhara, Abdullah Khan II had the city destroyed in a fit of rage over the death of his favorite horse from exhaustion on a steep approach the city, but was later overcome with remorse for the damage he had done.

The city struggled for autonomy under Bukharan rule. The Russians helped Bukharan emir to conquere the city in 1870.

Ethnography

Shahrisabz is one of Uzbakistan's towns and cities with a Persian-speaking Tajik majority. The countryside is solidly Tajik, particularly in the direction of the east and Tajikistan. The Uzbeks, "Chaghatay" and "Turks" form a large minority in the city. The Russian minority is dwindling since 1991 and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Monuments

Entrance to the Ark fortress.

Several remaining impressive monuments from the Timurid Dynasty have enabled the old part of the city to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.(See List of World Heritage Sites in Uzbekistan)

• Aq-Saray Palace

Timur's Summer Palace, the “White Palace” was planned as the most grandiose of all Timur's constructions. It was started in 1380 by artisans deported by Timur from the recently-conquered Khwarezm. Unfortunately, only traces of its gigantic 65 m gate-towers survive, with blue, white and gold mosaics. Above the entry of the Ak-Saray are big letters saying: "If you challenge our power - look at our buildings!"

• Kok Gumbaz Mosque / Dorut Tilyovat (Dorut Tilavat) Complex

A Friday mosque built in 1437 by Ulugh Beg in honor of his father Shah Rukh, its name meaning “Blue Dome”. Located immediately behind the Kok Gumbaz Mosque is the so-called “House of Meditation”, a mausoleum built by Ulugh Beg in 1438 but apparently never used for burials.

• Hazrat-i Imam Complex

East of the Kok Gumbaz is another mausoleum complex called Dorussiadat (Seat of Power and Might), which contains the Tomb of Jehangir, Timur’s eldest and favorite son. The adjacent mosque is said to house the tomb of a revered 8th century imam Amir Kulal.

Dorussiadat mausoleum

• Tomb of Timur

Behind the Hazrat-i Imam Emsemble is a bunker with a door leading to an underground chamber, discovered by archaeologists in 1943. The room is nearly filled with a single stone casket, on which inscriptions indicate that it was intended for Timur. However, the conqueror was buried in Samarkand, not at Shahrisabz, and mysteriously, his tomb in Shahrisabz contained two unidentified corpses.

Also of interest are medieval baths and an 18th century bazaar.

In popular culture

In 1980s the uzbek soviet group "Yalla" wrote a song about Shahrisabz.

External links

• History and monuments of Shahrisabz
• Square Kufic decoration on Timur's Summer Palace
• Square Kufic decoration on the Dar al-Siyadah Complex
• Square Kufic decoration on the Dar al-Tilavah Complex
• Yalla - "Shahrisabz" on YouTube

Coordinates: 39°03′N 66°50′E / 39.05°N 66.833°E / 39.05; 66.833