Hurricane Henri (1979)

Infobox Hurricane
Name=Hurricane Henri
Image location=Hurricane Henri of 1979.jpg


Basin=Atl
Year=1979
Type=hurricane
Formed= September 14, 1979
Dissipated= September 21, 1979
1-min winds=75
Pressure=983
Da

Fatalities=None reported
Areas=Mexico, Florida
Hurricane season= 1979 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Henri was a rare tropical cyclone that entered the Gulf of Mexico without having made landfall; it was the second of four times this occurred during the 20th century. The eighth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season, it formed on September 14 in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Throughout much of its duration, Henri moved erratically and initially maintained a general westward track. On September 16 it attained tropical storm status, and a day later it reached hurricane status. By two days later, after experiencing hostile conditions, Henri weakened to tropical depression status as it turned to the northeast, and on September 24 it merged with a frontal low in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. Due to its slow and erratic motion, the hurricane forced evacuations along the Mexican coastline. Its remnants brought rainfall and flooding to the Florida Panhandle.

Meteorological history

Hurricane Henri developed as Tropical Depression Eighteen in the extreme northwestern Caribbean Sea on September 14 from a tropical wave, which had previously moved off the coast of Africa.cite web | url = http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1979-prelim/henri/prelim01.gif| title = Hurricane Henri Tropical Cyclone Report - Page 1| accessdate = 2008-01-10 | last = Hebert | first = Paul J. | year = 1979 | publisher = National Hurricane Center ] The formation of a tropical depression was confirmed by reports from Hurricane Hunters.cite web | url = http://ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0493/108/7/pdf/i1520-0493-108-7-966.pdf | title = Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1979| accessdate = 2008-01-10 | last = Frank | first = Neil | year = 1980 | publisher = National Hurricane Center |format=PDF] The depression tracked northward, brushing the eastern portion of the Yucatán Peninsula. After reaching the Gulf of Mexico it turned sharply westward, with a ridge preventing further northward movement. The depression turned southwestward, and intensified into Tropical Storm Henri on September 16.

Tropical Storm Henri continued to intensify as it tracked through the Bay of Campeche. On September 17, the storm turned northwestward after the ridge to its north weakened, and later that day Henri reached hurricane status; six hours later, it reached peak winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) about 150 miles (245 km) northeast of Veracruz. Subsequently, a broad low pressure area developed over the western Gulf of Mexico, causing the motion of Henri to become erratic. On September 18, the cyclone began a steady weakening trend, believed to have been caused by land interaction and the funneling of moisture toward a developing disturbance near the Texas coast. Henri turned eastward on September 19 and weakened to tropical depression status. It failed to regain significant convection, and it turned northeastward along an extended cold front. On September 24, Henri merged with the frontal trough in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.cite web | url = http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1979-prelim/henri/prelim02.gif| title = Hurricane Henri Tropical Cyclone Report - Page 2| accessdate = 2008-01-10 | last = Hebert | first = Paul J. | year = 1979 | publisher = National Hurricane Center]

Hurricane Henri was one of only four tropical cyclones to enter the Gulf of Mexico without making landfall during the 20th century.cite web | url = http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1979.pdf | title = 1979 Monthly Weather Review| accessdate = 2007-01-31 | last = Herbert | first = Paul | date = March 26, 1980 | publisher = National Hurricane Center |format=PDF] The others were Laurie of 1969, Jeanne of 1980, and Alberto of 1982.cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|year=2007|title=Atlantic hurricane best track|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2008-01-11|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5106.html]

Preparations, impact and naming

Although Henri did not affect land in any way as a hurricane, the developing system threatened several states along the southwestern coastline in Mexico. Mexican forecasting officials issued an advisory for the Gulf coast towns of Tampico in Tamaulipas, and Tuxpan and Nautla in Veracruz, to evacuate to higher ground.cite web | url = http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
| title = Henri About to Slam into Mexican Port | accessdate = 2008-01-10 | last = United Press Inc. | date = September 18, 1979 | publisher = Tyrone Daily Herald ] The government of Veracruz issued warnings on radio and television of possible flooding in oil-rich coastlines.cite web | url = http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
| title = Henri Nears Mexico | accessdate = 2008-01-10 | last = Associated Press | date = September 18, 1979 | publisher = Titusville Herald ] Henri caused driving rains, strong winds, and floods in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, forcing over 2000 people from their homes. Waters swelled in the town to about 12 inches (305 mm) above sea level.cite web | url = http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
| title = New hurricane whirls in Gulf | accessdate = 2008-01-10 | last = United Press Inc. | date = September 17, 1979 | publisher = The Post-Standard ] Maximum rainfall recorded in Mexico in association with Henri was convert|19.59|in|mm at Solosuchiapan. [David M. Roth. [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/henri1979filledrainblk.gifHurricane Henri Color-Filled Rainfall Image.] Retrieved on 2008-03-22.] The remnants of Henri brought showers and thunderstorms to west-central Florida, causing river flooding and some evacuations.cite web | url = http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
| title = Nation says farewell to summer | accessdate = 2008-01-10 | last = United Press Inc. | date = September 24, 1979 | publisher = Syracuse Herald-Journal ]

This was the first use of the name "Henri" for a tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin. The name remains on the list of tropical cyclone names, having been used for a weak tropical storm in 1985 and a tropical storm in 2003. It is scheduled to be re-used in the 2009 season.

See also

* 1979 Atlantic hurricane season
* Other tropical cyclones named Henri

References

External links

* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1979-prelim/henri/ National Hurricane Center Preliminary Storm Report on Henri]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1979-prelim/ Details on all 1979 storms from the National Hurricane Center]