Texas v. Cobb

Infobox SCOTUS case
Litigants = Texas v. Cobb
ArgueDate = January 16
ArgueYear = 2001
DecideDate = April 2
DecideYear = 2001
FullName = Texas, Petitioner v. Raymond Levi Cobb
OralArgument = http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2000/2000_99_1702/argument/
USVol = 532
USPage = 162
Citation =
Prior =
Subsequent =
Holding = Because the Sixth Amendment right to counsel is "offense specific," it does not necessarily extend to offenses that are "factually related" to those that have actually been charged.
SCOTUS = 1994-2005
Majority = Rehnquist
JoinMajority = O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas
Concurrence = Kennedy
JoinConcurrence = Scalia, Thomas
Dissent = Breyer
JoinDissent = Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg
LawsApplied =

Texas v. Cobb, ussc|532|162|2001, a was an important 2001 Supreme Court case in the area of criminal procedure where the Court ruled the Sixth Amendment right to counsel is offense-specific and does not always extend to offenses that are closely related to those where the right has been attached. This decision reaffirmed the Court's holding in "McNeil v. Wisconsin" (1991) by concluding that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel attaches at the onset of adversarial proceedings.

Overview

In 1994 Raymond Levi Cobb confessed to a home burglary, but denied involvement in the disappearance of a woman and child from the same home. Cobb later retained an attorney to represent him for the burglary charge but didn’t have one for the case involving the woman and child. While Cobb was in custody, Cobb’s father contacted the police to tell them his son had confessed to killing the woman and child. The police questioned Cobb, who waived his Miranda rights and confessed to both murders. He was subsequently charged with both murders. After his conviction and death sentence, Cobb appealed to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals on the grounds that his confession had been obtained in violation of his Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Cobb argued the confession should’ve been suppressed because his right to counsel had been invoked once he had been charged in the burglary case. The Supreme Court said that because the Sixth Amendment right to counsel is offense-specific, the police could have interrogated Cobb and his confession was admissible. [ [http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2000/2000_99_1702/ Case overview in Oyez] ]

Reasoning

Critics of the 5–4 decision predicted that the offense-specific rule would endanger suspects’ rights and grant police too much power to carry out interrogations without the presence of counsel. The majority, in response, pointed to suspects’ abilities to invoke their Miranda rights during interrogations –rights which were waived by Cobb. The majority opinion also introduced the Blockburger test — which is used in determining double jeopardy — into Sixth Amendment jurisprudence when using its dictates to determine the distinctiveness of the crimes at issue in the case. Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, the majority opinion’s author, saw no reason to make a distinction between the meaning of the term “offense” in the Fifth Amendment and the Sixth.

The Minority

This differed from the more ambiguous “closely related” test the minority felt was appropriate for Sixth Amendment considerations. The minority predicted the Blockburger test would prove difficult to administer for police — as it has proven to be for judges and lawyers — and would undermine other decisions where the “closely related” test was used.

See also

* List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 532
*"Blockburger v. United States", ussc|284|299|1932
*"McNeil v. Wisconsin", ussc|501|171|1991

References

Further reading

*cite journal |last=D'Addio |first= David J. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |month= |title=Dual Sovereignty and the Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel |journal=Yale Law Journal |volume=113 |issue=8 |pages=1991–1998 |doi= |url=http://yalelawjournal.org/113/8/1991_david_j_daddio.html |accessdate= |quote=
*cite book |title=True Stories of Law & Order: SVU: The real crimes behind the best episodes of the hit TV show |last=Dwyer |first=Kevin |authorlink= |coauthors=Fiorillo, Juré |year=2006 |publisher=Berkley Boulevard Books |location=New York |isbn=0425217353 |pages=95–102
*cite journal |last=Minas |first=Melissa |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2002 |month= |title=Blurring the Line: Impact of Offense-Specific Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel |journal=The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology |volume=93 |issue=1 |pages=195–226 |doi=10.2307/1144312 |url= |accessdate= |quote=