PSME3

Proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 3 (PA28 gamma; Ki), also known as PSME3, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PSME3 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 3 (PA28 gamma; Ki)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10197| accessdate = ]

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summary_text = The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the gamma subunit of the 11S regulator. Six gamma subunits combine to form a homohexameric ring. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PSME3 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 3 (PA28 gamma; Ki)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10197| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL |title=Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=65 |issue= |pages= 801–47 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8811196 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.004101
*cite journal | author=Goff SP |title=Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1. |journal=Cell |volume=114 |issue= 3 |pages= 281–3 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12914693 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Nikaido T, Shimada K, Shibata M, "et al." |title=Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA for Ki antigen, a highly conserved nuclear protein detected with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. |journal=Clin. Exp. Immunol. |volume=79 |issue= 2 |pages= 209–14 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1968796 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Miki Y, Swensen J, Shattuck-Eidens D, "et al." |title=A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. |journal=Science |volume=266 |issue= 5182 |pages= 66–71 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7545954 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Harshman K, Bell R, Rosenthal J, "et al." |title=Comparison of the positional cloning methods used to isolate the BRCA1 gene. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=4 |issue= 8 |pages= 1259–66 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7581362 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Jacob A, Kandpal G, Patanjali SR, Kandpal RP |title=Molecular cloning and expression pattern of genes from a 470 Kb region near BRCA1 locus on chromosome 17q21. |journal=Oncogene |volume=11 |issue= 5 |pages= 981–6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7675458 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Albertsen HM, Smith SA, Mazoyer S, "et al." |title=A physical map and candidate genes in the BRCA1 region on chromosome 17q12-21. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 472–9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7951316 |doi= 10.1038/ng0894-472
*cite journal | author=Seeger M, Ferrell K, Frank R, Dubiel W |title=HIV-1 tat inhibits the 20 S proteasome and its 11 S regulator-mediated activation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 13 |pages= 8145–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9079628 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kandil E, Kohda K, Ishibashi T, "et al." |title=PA28 subunits of the mouse proteasome: primary structures and chromosomal localization of the genes. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=46 |issue= 4 |pages= 337–44 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9218537 |doi=
*cite journal | author=McCusker D, Jones T, Sheer D, Trowsdale J |title=Genetic relationships of the genes encoding the human proteasome beta subunits and the proteasome PA28 complex. |journal=Genomics |volume=45 |issue= 2 |pages= 362–7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9344661 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4948
*cite journal | author=Knowlton JR, Johnston SC, Whitby FG, "et al." |title=Structure of the proteasome activator REGalpha (PA28alpha). |journal=Nature |volume=390 |issue= 6660 |pages= 639–43 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9403698 |doi= 10.1038/37670
*cite journal | author=Kohda K, Ishibashi T, Shimbara N, "et al." |title=Characterization of the mouse PA28 activator complex gene family: complete organizations of the three member genes and a physical map of the approximately 150-kb region containing the alpha- and beta-subunit genes. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=160 |issue= 10 |pages= 4923–35 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9590240 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Madani N, Kabat D |title=An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the viral Vif protein. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=72 |issue= 12 |pages= 10251–5 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9811770 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wójcik C, Tanaka K, Paweletz N, "et al." |title=Proteasome activator (PA28) subunits, alpha, beta and gamma (Ki antigen) in NT2 neuronal precursor cells and HeLa S3 cells. |journal=Eur. J. Cell Biol. |volume=77 |issue= 2 |pages= 151–60 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9840465 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Simon JH, Gaddis NC, Fouchier RA, Malim MH |title=Evidence for a newly discovered cellular anti-HIV-1 phenotype. |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=4 |issue= 12 |pages= 1397–400 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9846577 |doi= 10.1038/3987
*cite journal | author=Mulder LC, Muesing MA |title=Degradation of HIV-1 integrase by the N-end rule pathway. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 38 |pages= 29749–53 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10893419 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M004670200
*cite journal | author=Araya R, Takahashi R, Nomura Y |title=Yeast two-hybrid screening using constitutive-active caspase-7 as bait in the identification of PA28gamma as an effector caspase substrate. |journal=Cell Death Differ. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 322–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11859414 |doi= 10.1038/sj/cdd/4400949
*cite journal | author=Sheehy AM, Gaddis NC, Choi JD, Malim MH |title=Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein. |journal=Nature |volume=418 |issue= 6898 |pages= 646–50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12167863 |doi= 10.1038/nature00939
*cite journal | author=Huang X, Seifert U, Salzmann U, "et al." |title=The RTP site shared by the HIV-1 Tat protein and the 11S regulator subunit alpha is crucial for their effects on proteasome function including antigen processing. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=323 |issue= 4 |pages= 771–82 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12419264 |doi=

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