Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor

Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor
PDB rendering based on 1eaj.
Available structures PDB 1EAJ, 1F5W, 1JEW, 1KAC, 1P69, 1P6A, 1RSF, 2J12, 2J1K, 2NPL, 2W9L, 2WBW
Identifiers
Symbols	CXADR; CAR; CAR4/6; HCAR
External IDs	OMIM: 602621 MGI: 1201679 HomoloGene: 1024 GeneCards: CXADR Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • receptor activity Cellular component • acrosomal vesicle • extracellular region • nucleus • cytoplasm • plasma membrane • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • cell-cell junction • adherens junction • tight junction • basolateral plasma membrane • cell junction Biological process • mitochondrion organization • cell adhesion • heart development • blood coagulation • interspecies interaction between organisms • cell-cell junction organization • cardiac muscle fiber development • regulation of immune response • leukocyte migration • negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1525	13052
Ensembl	ENSG00000154639	ENSMUSG00000022865
UniProt	P78310	Q3TV22
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001207063.1	NM_001025192
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001193992.1	NP_001020363
Location (UCSC)	Chr 21: 18.88 – 18.97 Mb	Chr 16: 78.3 – 78.36 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXADR gene.^[1][2][3] The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackie viruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 15, 18, and 21.^[3]

Function

CAR is strongly expressed in the developing central nervous system. It functions as a homophilic and also as a heterophilic cell adhesion molecule through its interactions with extracellular matrix glycoproteins such as: fibronectin, agrin, laminin-1 and tenascin-R.^[4]

References

1. ^ Bergelson JM, Cunningham JA, Droguett G, Kurt-Jones EA, Krithivas A, Hong JS, Horwitz MS, Crowell RL, Finberg RW (Mar 1997). "Isolation of a common receptor for Coxsackie B viruses and adenoviruses 2 and 5". Science 275 (5304): 1320–3. doi:10.1126/science.275.5304.1320. PMID 9036860. 
2. ^ Tomko RP, Xu R, Philipson L (May 1997). "HCAR and MCAR: the human and mouse cellular receptors for subgroup C adenoviruses and group B coxsackieviruses". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 (7): 3352–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3352. PMC 20373. PMID 9096397. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=20373. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: CXADR coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1525. 
4. ^ Patzke C, Max KE, Behlke J, Schreiber J, Schmidt H, Dorner AA, Kröger S, Henning M, Otto A, Heinemann U, Rathjen FG (Feb 2010). "The Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus Receptor reveals complex homophilic and heterophilic interactions on neural cells". Journal of Neuroscience 30 (8): 2897–2910. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5725-09.2010. PMID 20181587. 

Further reading

• Carson SD (2002). "Receptor for the group B coxsackieviruses and adenoviruses: CAR.". Rev. Med. Virol. 11 (4): 219–26. doi:10.1002/rmv.318. PMID 11479928. 
• Selinka HC, Wolde A, Sauter M, et al. (2004). "Virus-receptor interactions of coxsackie B viruses and their putative influence on cardiotropism.". Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 193 (2–3): 127–31. doi:10.1007/s00430-003-0193-y. PMID 12920584. 
• Carson SD, Chapman NN, Tracy SM (1997). "Purification of the putative coxsackievirus B receptor from HeLa cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 233 (2): 325–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6449. PMID 9144533. 
• Bergelson JM, Krithivas A, Celi L, et al. (1998). "The murine CAR homolog is a receptor for coxsackie B viruses and adenoviruses". J. Virol. 72 (1): 415–9. PMC 109389. PMID 9420240. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=109389. 
• Fechner H, Haack A, Wang H, et al. (2000). "Expression of coxsackie adenovirus receptor and alphav-integrin does not correlate with adenovector targeting in vivo indicating anatomical vector barriers". Gene Ther. 6 (9): 1520–35. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3301030. PMID 10490761. 
• Bowles KR, Gibson J, Wu J, et al. (1999). "Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human Coxsackievirus B-adenovirus receptor gene". Hum. Genet. 105 (4): 354–9. doi:10.1007/s004390051114. PMID 10543405. 
• Bewley MC, Springer K, Zhang YB, et al. (1999). "Structural analysis of the mechanism of adenovirus binding to its human cellular receptor, CAR". Science 286 (5444): 1579–83. doi:10.1126/science.286.5444.1579. PMID 10567268. 
• Tomko RP, Johansson CB, Totrov M, et al. (2000). "Expression of the adenovirus receptor and its interaction with the fiber knob". Exp. Cell Res. 255 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1006/excr.1999.4761. PMID 10666333. 
• van Raaij MJ, Chouin E, van der Zandt H, et al. (2001). "Dimeric structure of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor D1 domain at 1.7 A resolution". Structure 8 (11): 1147–55. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(00)00528-1. PMID 11080637. 
• Cohen CJ, Gaetz J, Ohman T, Bergelson JM (2001). "Multiple regions within the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor cytoplasmic domain are required for basolateral sorting". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (27): 25392–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009531200. PMID 11316797. 
• Noutsias M, Fechner H, de Jonge H, et al. (2001). "Human coxsackie-adenovirus receptor is colocalized with integrins alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) on the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma and upregulated in dilated cardiomyopathy: implications for cardiotropic viral infections". Circulation 104 (3): 275–80. PMID 11457744. 
• Thoelen I, Magnusson C, Tågerud S, et al. (2001). "Identification of alternative splice products encoded by the human coxsackie-adenovirus receptor gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287 (1): 216–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5535. PMID 11549277. 
• He Y, Chipman PR, Howitt J, et al. (2001). "Interaction of coxsackievirus B3 with the full length coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor". Nat. Struct. Biol. 8 (10): 874–8. doi:10.1038/nsb1001-874. PMID 11573093. 
• Cohen CJ, Shieh JT, Pickles RJ, et al. (2002). "The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor is a transmembrane component of the tight junction". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (26): 15191–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.261452898. PMC 65005. PMID 11734628. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=65005. 
• Law LK, Davidson BL (2002). "Adenovirus serotype 30 fiber does not mediate transduction via the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor". J. Virol. 76 (2): 656–61. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.2.656-661.2002. PMC 136819. PMID 11752156. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=136819. 
• van't Hof W, Crystal RG (2002). "Fatty acid modification of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor". J. Virol. 76 (12): 6382–6. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.12.6382-6386.2002. PMC 136239. PMID 12021372. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=136239. 
• Walters RW, Freimuth P, Moninger TO, et al. (2002). "Adenovirus fiber disrupts CAR-mediated intercellular adhesion allowing virus escape". Cell 110 (6): 789–99. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00912-1. PMID 12297051.