Judeo-Portuguese

Infobox Language
name=Judeo-Portuguese
nativename=Judeu-Português
familycolor=Indo-European
states= Netherlands, England, North America
speakers= less than 2,000 users in a very limited liturgical context
unknown numbers elsewhere,
fam2=Italic
fam3=Romance
fam4=Italo-Western
fam5=Western
fam6=Gallo-Iberian
fam7=Ibero-Romance
fam8=West Iberian
fam9=Portuguese-Galician
script=Latin alphabet (Portuguese variant) Hebrew alphabet

Judeo-Portuguese or Lusitanic is the generally extinct Jewish language of the Jews of Portugal.

Description

The Judeo-Portuguese language was vernacular to the Jews in Portugal before the sixteenth century and also in many places of the Judeus da Nação Portuguesa diaspora. Texts were written in Hebrew letters ("aljamiado português") or in Latin script.

As Portuguese Jews intermixed with other expelled Sephardim, it influenced the Judeo-Spanish or Ladino language, but was distinct from it, since the Portuguese Jewry was never expelled, but rather forced to convert to Christianity, through a mass baptism decreed by King Manuel I in 1497. Many of New Christians, also known as "conversos" or "marranos", continued to observe Judaism in secret. When the Inquisition was established in Portugal in 1536, a migratory movement to France, the Netherlands (especially Amsterdam), Northern Germany (especially Hamburg), and later to England and the Americas began.

Due to close similarity of Portuguese, Judeo-Portuguese died out in Portugal, surviving in the every-day usage in the diaspora until the early 19th century. It also influenced Papiamento and Saramaccan.

Characteristics

= Hebraisms =

ee also

* Ladino language
* History of the Jews in Portugal
* Spanish and Portuguese Jews
* Judeo-Romance languages
* Mozarabic
* Jewish languages
* Yiddish language
* Haketia
* Tetuani
* Şalom
* Lusophone
* Lusophilia
* Sephardic Jews
* Lusitanic
* Judaism

References

* [http://www.jewish-languages.org/judeo-portuguese.html Judeo-Portuguese "in" Jewish Language Research Center]
* [http://cf.uba.uva.nl/en/collections/rosenthaliana/menasseh/1859j47/index.html Thesouro dos Dinim, a Halakhic work]
* Strolovitch, Devon L. (2005) [http://www.jmrg.org/strolovitch/disspage "Old Portuguese in Hebrew Script: Convention, Contact, and Convivência."] Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.