PSMA4

Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 4, also known as PSMA4, is a human gene.

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PSMA4 proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5685| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL |title=Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=65 |issue= |pages= 801–47 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8811196 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.004101
*cite journal | author=Goff SP |title=Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1. |journal=Cell |volume=114 |issue= 3 |pages= 281–3 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12914693 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tamura T, Lee DH, Osaka F, "et al." |title=Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs for five major subunits of human proteasomes (multi-catalytic proteinase complexes). |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1089 |issue= 1 |pages= 95–102 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2025653 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kristensen P, Johnsen AH, Uerkvitz W, "et al." |title=Human proteasome subunits from 2-dimensional gels identified by partial sequencing. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=205 |issue= 3 |pages= 1785–9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7811265 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kato S, Sekine S, Oh SW, "et al." |title=Construction of a human full-length cDNA bank. |journal=Gene |volume=150 |issue= 2 |pages= 243–50 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7821789 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Arribas J, Arizti P, Castaño JG |title=Antibodies against the C2 COOH-terminal region discriminate the active and latent forms of the multicatalytic proteinase complex. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 17 |pages= 12858–64 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8175701 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Castaño JG, Mahillo E, Arizti P, Arribas J |title=Phosphorylation of C8 and C9 subunits of the multicatalytic proteinase by casein kinase II and identification of the C8 phosphorylation sites by direct mutagenesis. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=35 |issue= 12 |pages= 3782–9 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8619999 |doi= 10.1021/bi952540s
*cite journal | author=Palmer A, Rivett AJ, Thomson S, "et al." |title=Subpopulations of proteasomes in rat liver nuclei, microsomes and cytosol. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=316 ( Pt 2) |issue= |pages= 401–7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8687380 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Seeger M, Ferrell K, Frank R, Dubiel W |title=HIV-1 tat inhibits the 20 S proteasome and its 11 S regulator-mediated activation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 13 |pages= 8145–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9079628 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Madani N, Kabat D |title=An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the viral Vif protein. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=72 |issue= 12 |pages= 10251–5 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9811770 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Simon JH, Gaddis NC, Fouchier RA, Malim MH |title=Evidence for a newly discovered cellular anti-HIV-1 phenotype. |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=4 |issue= 12 |pages= 1397–400 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9846577 |doi= 10.1038/3987
*cite journal | author=Mulder LC, Muesing MA |title=Degradation of HIV-1 integrase by the N-end rule pathway. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 38 |pages= 29749–53 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10893419 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M004670200
*cite journal | author=Feng Y, Longo DL, Ferris DK |title=Polo-like kinase interacts with proteasomes and regulates their activity. |journal=Cell Growth Differ. |volume=12 |issue= 1 |pages= 29–37 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11205743 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Sheehy AM, Gaddis NC, Choi JD, Malim MH |title=Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein. |journal=Nature |volume=418 |issue= 6898 |pages= 646–50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12167863 |doi= 10.1038/nature00939
*cite journal | author=Huang X, Seifert U, Salzmann U, "et al." |title=The RTP site shared by the HIV-1 Tat protein and the 11S regulator subunit alpha is crucial for their effects on proteasome function including antigen processing. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=323 |issue= 4 |pages= 771–82 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12419264 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Gaddis NC, Chertova E, Sheehy AM, "et al." |title=Comprehensive investigation of the molecular defect in vif-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=77 |issue= 10 |pages= 5810–20 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12719574 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lecossier D, Bouchonnet F, Clavel F, Hance AJ |title=Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein. |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5622 |pages= 1112 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12750511 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083338
*cite journal | author=Zhang H, Yang B, Pomerantz RJ, "et al." |title=The cytidine deaminase CEM15 induces hypermutation in newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA. |journal=Nature |volume=424 |issue= 6944 |pages= 94–8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12808465 |doi= 10.1038/nature01707

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