- I Corps (ACW)
I Corps (First Corps) was the designation of three different
corps -sized units in theUnion Army during theAmerican Civil War . The units served in the following armies:*
Army of the Ohio /Army of the Cumberland ,Alexander M. McCook ,September 29 ,1862 –November 5 ,1862
*Army of the Mississippi ,George W. Morgan ,January 4 ,1863 –January 12 ,1863
*Army of the Potomac andArmy of Virginia (see below)The first two were units of very limited life; the third was one of the most distinguished and veteran corps in the entire Union Army, commanded by very distinguished officers.
History
The I Corps was activated
March 13 ,1862 , when PresidentAbraham Lincoln ordered the creation of a four-corps army, then under the command of Major GeneralGeorge B. McClellan . The first commander of this corps wasMajor General Irvin McDowell and it contained three divisions. It was held in defense of Washington while the rest of theArmy of the Potomac advanced to thePeninsula Campaign .It was then consolidated into the
Army of Virginia under Major General John Pope, and fought in theSecond Battle of Bull Run , as the Third Corps,Army of Virginia . Afterwards, its name was restored. It rejoined the Army of the Potomac and crossed thePotomac River intoMaryland to fight in theBattle of Antietam , under Major GeneralJoseph Hooker . There, the division ofPennsylvania Reserves , underBrigadier General George G. Meade , took heavy casualties through its hard fighting, and was withdrawn to replenish.The corps moved southward to fight General
Robert E. Lee 's army at theBattle of Fredericksburg , commanded by Major GeneralJohn F. Reynolds , arguably the best Union corps commander in the Eastern Theater. He superbly led the corps through this battle, then through theBattle of Chancellorsville , where the I Corps was left in reserve.In its last major battle, the
Battle of Gettysburg , General Reynolds was killed just as the first troops arrived on the field, and command was inherited by Major GeneralAbner Doubleday . Although putting up a ferocious fight, the I Corps was overwhelmed by the Confederate Third Corps (A.P. Hill ) andRobert E. Rodes 's division ofRichard S. Ewell 's Second Corps. It was forced to retreat through the town of Gettysburg, taking up defensive positions onCemetery Hill . The next day (July 2 ,1863 ), the command was given to Major General John Newton, a division commander from the VI Corps. This was a controversial move that deeply offended the more senior Doubleday. Newton led it through the remainder of the battle, including the defense againstPickett's Charge , and through theMine Run Campaign that fall.On
March 24 ,1864 , the Civil War career of the I Corps came to an end as it was disbanded and its depleted units were reorganized into two divisions, which were transferred into the V Corps of the Army of the Potomac.Command history
* As III Corps,Army of Virginia References
*Eicher, John H., & Eicher, David J.: "Civil War High Commands", Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3
*Fox, William F.: "Regimental Losses in the American Civil War", Albany Publishing, 1889 ( [http://www.civilwarhome.com/1stcorps.htm online text of I Corps section] )
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
См. также в других словарях:
XX Corps (ACW) — Two corps of the Union Army were called XX Corps during the American Civil War. Though both served in the Union Army of the Cumberland, they were distinct units and should be recognized as such. McCook s Corps The first XX Corps, under the… … Wikipedia
XII Corps (ACW) — The XII Corps (Twelfth Army Corps) was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War.The corps was formed by U.S. War Department General Order of March 13, 1862, under which the corps organization of the Army of the Potomac was first… … Wikipedia
IX Corps (ACW) — IX Corps (Ninth Army Corps) was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War that distinguished itself in combat in multiple theaters: the Carolinas, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi.Corps historyFormation, Second Bull… … Wikipedia
V Corps (ACW) — Infobox Military Unit unit name= V Corps caption= V Corps badge dates= 1862 ndash;1865 country= United States branch= United States Army command structure=Army of the Potomac battles=Peninsula Campaign Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam … Wikipedia
II Corps (ACW) — There were five corps in the Union Army designated as II Corps (Second Army Corps) during the American Civil War.* Army of the Cumberland, II Corps commanded by Thomas L. Crittenden (October 24, 1862 ndash; November 5, 1862) * Army of the… … Wikipedia
III Corps (ACW) — There were four formations in the Union Army designated as III Corps (or Third Army Corps) during the American Civil War.Three were short lived: *Army of Virginia: **Irvin McDowell (June 26, 1862 ndash; September 5, 1862); **James B. Ricketts… … Wikipedia
VI Corps (ACW) — The VI Corps (Sixth Army Corps) was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War.FormationThe corps was organized as the Sixth Provisional Corps on May 18, 1862, by uniting Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin s Division, which had just… … Wikipedia
XI Corps (ACW) — The XI Corps (Eleventh Army Corps) was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War, best remembered for its humiliating defeats at the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg in 1863.Formation and the Valley CampaignOn June 26,… … Wikipedia
XVIII Corps (ACW) — XVIII Corps was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. Origins and makeup The XVIII Corps was created on December 24, 1862, and initially composed of five divisions stationed in North Carolina, making it one of the largest in… … Wikipedia
XXII Corps (ACW) — Infobox Military Unit unit name = XXII Corps caption = Badge of the 3rd Division of the XXII Corps [http://www.members.tripod.com/ howardlanham/linkgr3/link151.html|The 1st Division badge consisted of an identical badge in red, 2nd Division in… … Wikipedia
IV Corps (ACW) — There were two corps of the Union Army called IV Corps during the American Civil War. They were separate units, one serving with the Army of the Potomac and the Department of Virginia in the Eastern Theater, 1862 ndash;63, the other with the Army … Wikipedia