Ingram de Ketenis

Infobox_Person
name = Ingram de Ketenis
other_names =


imagesize =
caption =
birth_date = before 1321
birth_place = probably Kettins, Angus, Scotland
death_date = 1407 or 1408
death_place =
occupation = cleric
title = Archdeacon of Dunkeld
Rector of Tealing
Bishop of Galloway (unaccepted papal provision)

Ingram de Ketenis [de Kethenys] (d. 1407 or 1408) was a medieval cleric from Angus in Scotland.

A graduate of the University of Paris, he was Archdeacon of Dunkeld for over half a century. During his time, he received papal provision to be Bishop of Galloway, but refused to accept the position.

De Ketenis famously left an inscribed funeral monument. In the event, he did not use it, but it survives to this day.

Early life and career

Born before 1321, Ingram was the son of John de Ketenis, owner of the land of Kettins in Angus; he had two known brothers, John de Ketenis and Robert de Ketenis, and was the nephew of John de Pilmuir, Bishop of Moray and thus also Richard de Pilmuir, Bishop of Dunkeld. [Dowden, "Bishops", p. 365; Hutcheson & Fleming, "Notice of Fragments of Sculptured Stones", p. 427; Watt, "Dictionary", p. 292.] In the 1340s, Ingram studied at the University of Paris under the renowned Scottish-born teacher, Walter de Wardlaw, becoming a Licentiate in the Arts in May 1347, despite not completing a B. A.. [Watt, "Dictionary", pp. 292-3.] In his time as a student he and his two brothers pledged surety to the English Nation of the University of Paris for the expenses of fellow-Scot John de Rossy, a pledge that cost them 50 shillings each because in the event Thomas failed to pay. [Hutcheson, "Notice of an Early Inscribed Mural Monument", p. 44; Watt, "Dictionary", p. 292.] In 1347, he briefly went back to his native Scotland, but returned to Paris in May 1349 to obtain an M. A..Watt, "Dictionary", p. 293.]

He was at the papal court in Avignon in 1344/5 with his uncle Richard de Pilmuir, attempting to gain favours. He received provision to the church of "Blair", that is, Blairgowrie, on January 25, 1345, with Pope Clement VI commanding the Abbot of Coupar Angus, the Abbot of Scone and the Prior of St Andrews to put him in possession, [Dowden, "Bishops", p. 365; Watt, "Dictionary", p. 293.] although it is not clear that he managed to possess full control of this church until 1349 or later. He received a canonry in the diocese of Aberdeen on May 18, 1347, and in the diocese of Moray on May 10, 1349, neither of which he seems to have taken up permanently. He had been at Avignon again in 1349, regarding the Moray canonry, either before or after going to Paris, when he presented petitions for his brother John and his cousin Thomas de Pilmuir. He was recorded at Avignon again in 1350, when he is described as the secretary of Queen Joan; there he was provided to a canonry in the diocese of Glasgow, though once more it is unclear if this provision ever actualised. [Dowden, "Bishops", p. 366; Watt, "Dictionary", p. 293.]

Archdeacon of Dunkeld

At some point between 1352 and 1359 he became Archdeacon of Dunkeld, a position which had become vacant because of the death of the previous archdeacon, Adam Pullur. The latter's death occurred before July 13, 1352 when there is record that one John de Ethie [Athy] was provided to the archdeaconry; the latter provision was unsuccessful, and Ingram is the next known archdeacon. [Watt, "Dictionary", pp. 293, 457; Watt, "Fasti Ecclesiae", p. 120; Watt in "Dictionary" argues that Ingram may have received archdeaconry as early as 1351.] On his funeral monument the inscription says that Ingram was 31 (in "his xxxii yhere") when he obtained the Dunkeld archdeaconry, so that he probably obtained at least a claim to the position in 1351 or 1352. [Hutcheson, "Notice of an Early Inscribed Mural Monument", p. 42; Watt, "Dictionary", p. 293.] He had demitted his right to the church of Blairgowrie by February 12, 1357, and was certainly fully in possession of the archdeaconry by August 13, 1359, when he witnessed a charter (as Archdeacon of Dunkeld) of his uncle John de Pilmuir, Bishop of Moray. [Innes (ed.), "Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis", p. 368; Watt, "Dictionary", p. 293; Watt, "Fasti Ecclesiae", p. 120.] The archdeaconry came with the dependent parish church of Tealing in Angus.

His next appearance occurs as a sub-collector of papal taxes to William de Greenlaw, Archdeacon of St Andrews and Dean of Glasgow Cathedral, in 1361. [Watt, "Dictionary", p. 293; Watt, "Fasti Ecclesiae", pp. 154, 306.] On April 17, 1371, he is a papal mandatory tasked to adjudicate a dispute between a knight and Paisley Abbey. Sometime between July 15, 1378, and February 26, 1379, Ingram was provided as Bishop of Galloway by Avignon Pope Clement VII in opposition to the Urbanist candidate Oswald (see Western Schism). [Watt, "Dictionary", p. 293; Watt, "Fasti Ecclesiae", p. 131.] This was done because of the influence of Ingram's old university master, Walter de Wardlaw, now Bishop of Glasgow. Ingram however does not appear to have wanted the bishopric, and found objections to his own provision. [Watt, "Fasti Ecclesiae", p. 131.] As Clement wrote to Thomas de Rossy, the man who did become the Clementine bishop, he had "provided Ingeram, archdeacon of Dunkeld, but he refused to accept his provision". [Burns (ed.), "Papal Letters", p. 70.]

Although Walter Trail had been provided to succeed Ingram as archdeacon in expectation of Ingram becoming Bishop of Galloway, Ingram's refusal of this bishopric meant that he retained the archdeaconal possession. [Watt, "Dictionary", p. 293; Watt, "Fasti Ecclesiae", p. 120] He made a grant from the lands of Kettin, which he had inherited from his father, to the Dundee chaplaincy of St Thomas the Martyr (i.e. Thomas Becket) on February 13, 1392. [Hutcheson & Fleming, "Notice of Fragments of Sculptured Stones", p. 427; Watt, "Dictionary", pp. 292, 293-4.] Ingram held the position of Archdeacon of Dunkeld until at least 1398, and perhaps as late as 1407. Sometime between those two dates he witnessed (as Archdeacon of Dunkeld) a charter of David Lindsay, Earl of Crawford.Watt, "Dictionary", p. 294.] At some point after this charter he exchanged the archdeaconry with Richard de Cornell for the church of Kilmory on the island of Arran in the diocese of the Isles , presumably as D. E. R. Watt commented "just a formal move to give Cornell a title to [the] Dunk [eld] arch [deaconry] ".

Death and memorial

One of the most notable facts about Ingram is his planned funeral monument. In the 1380s a memorial stone and a partially incomplete inscription were prepared for him at the church of Tealing; this monument has survived, and lay in a recess in the north wall of the modern (early 19th century) church, having been moved from the earlier church one mile away.Dowden, "Bishops", p.366; Hutcheson, "Notice of an Early Inscribed Mural Monument", p ; "Watt, "Dictionary", p. 294.] It reads as follows:

heyr lyis Ingram of kethenys prist maystir in arit ersdene of dunkeldyn made in his xxxii yhere prayis for hym yat deyit hafand lx ... [sic] ... yherys of eld in the yher of cryst M: ccc: lxxx ... [SIC] ... [Dowden, "Bishops", p.366; Hutcheson, "Notice of an Early Inscribed Mural Monument", p. 42.]

Translated into modern English, this is "Here lies Ingram of Kethenys, Priest, Master in Arts, Archdeacon of Dunkeldyn, made in his thirty-second year. Pray for him that died, having (reached) sixty (blank) years of age, in the year of Christ 1380".

The blanks after his age and the date indicate that he expected death soon (within ten years) in 1380, but in the event Ingram lived into second half of the first decade of the 15th century. Ingram was still alive on April 6, 1407, but was dead by July 1408, when a papal document confirms his recent death and the resulting vacancy in the church of Tealing. [Watt, "Dictionary", pp. 293-4.] The inscription is probably the earliest, or earliest known, inscription written in Scotland north of the river Forth in the English language. [Hutcheson, "Notice of an Early Inscribed Mural Monument", p. 41.]

Notes

References

* Burns, Charles (ed.), "Papal Letters to Scotland of Clement VII of Avignon, 1378—1394", (Edinburgh, 1976)
* Dowden, John, "The Bishops of Scotland", ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)
* Hutcheson, Alexander, "Notice of an Early Inscribed Mural Monument and of an Undescribed Sculptured Stone preserved in the Parish Church of Tealing, Forfarshire", in "Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland", vol. xxx (1895-96), pp. 41-8 ( [http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_030/30_041_048.pdf ARCHway] )
* Hutcheson, Alexander, & Fleming, D. Hay, "Notice of Fragments of Sculptured Stones at the Church of Tealing, near Dundee. (With a Supplementary Note on the Ingram of Kettins.)", in "Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland", vol. xlv (1910-11), pp. 420-7 ( [http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_045/45_420_427.pdf ARCHway] )
* Innes, Cosmo Nelson, "Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis; E Pluribus Codicibus Consarcinatum Circa A.D. Mcccc., Cum Continuatione Diplomatum Recentiorum Usque Ad A.D. Mdcxxiii", (Edinburgh, 1837)
* Watt, D. E. R., "A Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Graduates to A. D. 1410", (Oxford, 1977)
* Watt, D. E. R., "Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638", 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)