Demographics of Bratislava

Demographics of Bratislava

This page gives an overview to the demographics of Bratislava.

Contents

Population

According to the 2001 census, the city had 428,672 inhabitants (the estimate for 2005 is 425,459).[1] The average population density was 1,157 inhabitants/km² (2,997/mi²).[1] The most populous district is Bratislava V with 121,259 inhabitants, followed by Bratislava II with 108,139, Bratislava IV with 93,058, Bratislava III with 61,418 and Bratislava I with 44,798.[2] The largest ethnic groups in 2001 were Slovaks with 391,767 inhabitants (91.37% of the city population), followed by Hungarians with 16,541 (3.84%) and Czechs with 7,972 (1.86%). Other ethnic groups are Germans (1200, 0.28%), Moravians (635, 0.15%), Croats (614, 0.14%), Ruthenes (461, 0.11%), Ukrainians (452, 0.11%), Roma (417, 0.08%), and Poles (339, 0.08%).[1][2]

Historical population

Population of Bratislava[1][3][4]
Year Population Year Population Year Population
1720 11,000 1880 48,000 1950 184,400
1786 31,700 1900 61,500 1961 241,800
1802 29,600 1910 78,200 1970 291,100
1820 34,400 1921 93,200 1980 380,300
1846 40,200 1930 123,800 1991 442,197
1869 46,500 1939 138,500 2001 428,672

Ethnic history

1930 census results of Bratislava
Ethnic group Population
Slovaks 60,013
Germans 32,801
Hungarians 18,890
Jewish 4,747
Rusyns 199
Other 247
1910 census results of Bratislava
Ethnic group Population
Germans 32,790
Hungarians 31,705
Slovaks 11,673
Croats 351
Serbs 24
Other 1,638
from these Jewish 8,207

From the city's origin until the 19th century, Germans were the dominant ethnic group.[5] However, after the Compromise of 1867, an active Magyarization[citation needed] policy took place, and by the end of World War I Bratislava was a German-Hungarian town, with Slovaks as the biggest minority.[5] Interpretation of census results is complicated by the fact that before 1918, language was used as census criterion, and after 1918 ethnicity. As Bratislava since 1918 enlarged its territory several times, it is questionable whether in calculation should not be taken also former independent communities (Dúbravka, Lamač, Rača, etc.) which were mostly Slovak or only districts which officially belonged to the city in the time of a given census. Moreover, residents of mixed origin tended to adapt their "choice" to the political winners (Hungarian before 1918, Slovak after 1918) and what would be the most suitable or least dangerous identity.[5] For example a representation of ethnic Hungarians in increased from 7.5% in 1850 to 40.53% in 1910. And a representation of Slovaks really "jumped" from 14.42% in 1910 to 33% in 1919. It means that many people were in practise bi- or trilingual and multicultural and many Slovaks used to present themselves because of a pressure of Magyarisation as ethnic Hungarians.


After the formation of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, Bratislava remained a multi-ethnic city, but with a different demographic trend. After active Slovakization the proportion of Slovaks and Czechs increased, while the proportion of Germans and Hungarians fell. Part of this was caused by emigration of (largely Hungarian) former government employees, and immigration of Czechs and Slovaks who took their places. In 1938, 59% of population were Slovaks or Czechs, while Germans represented 22% and Hungarians 13% of the city's population.[6] The creation of the first Slovak Republic in 1939 brought other changes, most notably the expulsion of many Czechs and Jews.[5] In 1945, most of the Germans were evacuated. After the restoration of Czechoslovakia, the Beneš decrees collectively punished ethnic German and Hungarian minorities by expropriation and deportation to Germany, Austria, and Hungary for their alleged collaborationism with Nazi Germany and Hungary against Czechoslovakia.[7] The removal of Slovak citizenship of Hungarian and German ethnicities also forced the minorities to leave the city. Also, the population exchanges between Hungary and Slovakia decreesed the number of the Hungarians in the city. The city thereby lost its multicultural character.[7] Since the 1950s, the Slovaks have been the dominant ethnicity in the town, making up around 90% of the city's population.[5] By the mid 1970s, it surpassed Brno as the second-largest city of Czechoslovakia, but still only a third of the size of Prague, the capital.[citation needed]



Development of the ethnic composition of Bratislava (within the borders of the city in the current year):
Year Slovaks Czechs Germans Hungarians Jews
1850 18% ? 75% 7.5% ?
1880 8% ? 68% 8% 16%
1910 14.92% ? 41.92% 40.53% ?
1919 33% ? 36% 29% ?
1930 33% 23% 25% 16% 3.83%
1940 49% ? 20% 9.53% 8.78%
1961 95.15% 4.61% 0.52% 3.44% 0%
1970 92% 4.6% 0.5% 3.4% 0%
1991 93.39% 2.47% 0.29% 4.6% 0%
2001 91.39% 2% 0.28% 3.84% 0%



The most reliable sources are from the time before 1867 when ethnicity did not play an importan role, in conditions of democratic Czechoslovak sate in 1919-1938 and after 1960 when it again became less important. On ethnic composition of the city in time before 19th century there are no reliable sources. But in a top-class of the city in 18th century this composition could be as follows: 60% Germans, 20% Slovaks, 20% ethnic Hungarians.

Age

According to a 2005 estimate, the average age in the city was 38.7 years, distributed as follows: 51,783 inhabitants of pre-productive age (0–14), 12.1%; 281,403 of productive age (15–59), 65.6%; and 92,273 of post-productive age (55+ for females, 60+ for males), 21.5%.[1]

Religion

The 2001 census recorded 243,048 Roman Catholics (56.7%), 125,729 Atheists (29.3%), 24,810 Augsburg Confessional Lutherans (6%), 3,163 Greek Catholics (0.7%), 1,918 Reformed Christians, 1,827 Jehovah's Witnesses, 1,616 Eastern Orthodox, 737 Methodist Protestants, 748 Jews, and 613 Baptists.[1][8]

References


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