Captain America in other media

Since the 1940s, the comic book character Captain America has been presented in a variety of other media, including serial films, feature films, animations, video games, and even as a stage play.

Animation

Captain America has appeared in the following animated TV series:

"The Marvel Superheroes"

* "The Marvel Superheroes" (1966): Captain America was one of the five featured superheroes, starring one "Captain America" segment a week.

"Spider-Man" (1981 TV series) and "Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends"

* "Spider-Man" (1981): Guest-starred in one episode, "The Capture of Captain America". He was voiced by George DiCenzo.
* "Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends" (1981): He appeared in the following Spider-Man series in two episodes, "7 Little Superheroes" and "Pawns of the Kingpin", where he was again voiced was by DiCenzo.

Marvel animated universe

* "X-Men" (1992): Captain America appears in one episode, "Old Soldiers". He is an American agent, sent along with Canadian Wolverine, to rescue a scientist kidnapped by the Red Skull and the Nazis. He is present in the episode only in flashbacks of Wolverine's. Captain America is voiced by Lawrence Bayne, who probably sounded familiar because he also provided voices for Cable and Erik the Red in the same series. The Red Skull was voiced by Cedric Smith, who also voiced Professor X throughout the series.cite web| url=http://www.tv.com/x-men/old-soldiers/episode/56177/summary.html?tag=episodes;title;3|title=tv.com - "Old Soldiers" X-Men: TAS Season 5]
**An alternate version of Captain America appeared in the episode "One Man's Worth". In a timeline in which Charles Xavier was murdered before founding the X-Men, Captain America is the leader of a taskforce of superhuman mutant hunters fighting a war against the Mutant Resistance led by Magneto.
*"Spider-Man" (1994): Captain America made a few appearances, where he was voiced by David Hayter:
**He first appears in "" (Season #4 Ep 43) with a mere cameo when Peter Parker is narrating a flashback scene with Captain America.
**He appears in the last three episodes of the "Six Forgotten Warriors" saga. The third provides a flashback scene explaining Captain America's disappearance after World War II: he and the Red Skull were trapped in a dimensional machine for the last 50 years. In the last two episodes Captain America is released from the machine (with the Red Skull), and in the final installment he and the Red Skull fight and are, in the end, trapped in the machine once again.
**In the "" three-parter, Captain America was one of the heroes Spider-Man selected to lead against the villains, choosing him due to his past experience with the Red Skull. At the end of the arc, the Beyonder sent back every hero (except for Spider-Man) back to Earth, and Captain America became trapped with the Red Skull again.
*"" (1999): Captain America appears in one episode, "Command Decision". The story involves the Masters of Evil and a flashback to Captain America defeating Baron Zemo. He was voiced by Dan Chameroy.

"X-Men: Evolution"

*"" (2000): Captain America (along with Nick Fury) appears in one episode, "Operation Rebirth" . Here Rogers gets his abilities from a machine as part of "Project: Rebirth". During World War II, he participates in a joint operation with Canadian soldier Logan to liberate a concentration camp, where one prisoner is a boy named Erik Lehnsherr, the future Magneto. After the attack, Rogers learns the "Rebirth" process is killing him, so he and Logan destroy the machine, and Rogers is cryogenically frozen until a cure can be found. During the episode, Magneto uses a variation of "Rebirth" to save his life, despite the intervention of Wolverine, Rogue and Nightcrawler. Magneto lets them go, in memory of the time Wolverine saved his life at the camp. At the conclusion of the episode, Wolverine visits the still-frozen Captain America, and reminisces about how they made a great team at the time.

"Robot Chicken"

*Captain America appears in the "Robot Chicken" episode "Tapping a Hero." In the "Superheroes Tonight" segment, Captain America ends up in hot water with the ACLU after bullets shot from the Red Skull's gun deflected off his shield and struck many pedestrians.

Television

1970s live-action television movies

* Captain America appears in two 1970s live-action television movies: "Captain America" and "Captain America II: Death Too Soon", starring Reb Brown. The character differs significantly from the comics, in both his origin and his operations. For instance, Rogers is a character in contemporary times whose father was a 1940s government agent. The very patriotic attitude of Steve's father earned him the nickname Captain America. Rogers, an artist, was inspired by this story to sketch a superhero. After an accident he received an experimental chemical called the FLAG (Full Latent Ability Gain) formula (at one point referred to as a "super-steroid") which enhances his body with heightened strength and reflexes, and a costume based on his drawing. He also makes significant use of a specialized van, and of a modified motorcycle. The bike has a detachable round windshield with the concentric circles, with the white sections being transparent, and star which he uses as his shield when he goes on foot. At the end of the first movie, Rogers briefly appears in a redesigned costume that bears a stronger resemblance to the one seen in the comics, which he wears in the sequel.

1980 PSA

* Captain America also appeared in a 1980 Public Service Announcement on energy conservation, in which he battled the Thermal Thief, the Wattage Waster and the Cold Air Crook.

Films

"Captain America" (1944 serial)

Captain America was the first Marvel Comics character adapted into another medium with the release of the 1944 movie serial "Captain America". [Daniels, p. 53] The serial portrays the hero as a district attorney named Grant Gardner and removes many important elements of the character, such as his trademark shield and his sidekick Bucky Barnes.

"3 Dev Adam"

"3 Dev Adam" (translated as "Three Mighty Men" but also known as "Captain America and Santo vs. Spider-Man") is a 1973 Turkish film featuring the characters of Captain America (sans shield) and Mexican wrestling superhero and serial star Santo (persona only) as heroes from the Americas called to Turkey to take on a bushy eyebrowed green serial killing Spider-Man as the villain.

Captain America (1990 film)

The 1990 direct-to-video film "Captain America", starring Matt Salinger, co-produced with Yugoslavia. It depicts the hero's battle against the Red Skull, who in the film is an Italian fascist rather than a German Nazi.

"Ultimate Avengers" series

Captain America appears in the animated films "Ultimate Avengers" and "Ultimate Avengers 2", both released direct to video in 2006 and featuring an Ultimate Marvel version of Captain America. He was voiced by Justin Gross.

"The First Avenger: Captain America"

A film entitled "The First Avenger: Captain America", is being developed by Marvel Studios for a May 6, 2011 release. The film will be a period piece set entirely during World War II. Filming has been booked to take place primarily at Raleigh Studios in Manhattan Beach, California. [cite news|author=Marvel Studios|title=Marvel to Film Next Four Films at Raleigh Studios|work=Superhero Hype!|date=2008-10-07|url=http://www.superherohype.com/news/ironmannews.php?id=7706|accessdate=2008-10-07]

Development

In April 1997, Marvel Studios was in negotiations with Mark Gordon and Gary Levinsohn to produce "Captain America". In addition Larry Wilson and Leslie Bohem were set to write a script. [cite news | author=Michael Fleming | url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117434784.html?categoryid=3&cs=1 | title=A Mania For Marvel | work=Variety | date=1997-04-14 | accessdate=2008-03-02] In May 2000, Marvel teamed with Artisan Entertainment to help finance the film. [cite news | author=Michael Fleming | url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117781709.html?categoryid=18&cs=1 | title=Artisan deal a real Marvel | work=Variety | date=2000-05-16 | accessdate=2008-03-02] However, a lawsuit arose between Marvel Comics and Joe Simon over the ownership of Captain America copyrights, disrupting the development process of the film. The lawsuit was eventually settled in September 2003. [cite news | author=Meredith Amdur | url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117893720.html?categoryid=1350&cs=1 | title=Marvel sees big stock gains | work=Variety | date=2003-10-09 | accessdate=2008-03-02] In 2005, Marvel received a $525 million investment from Merrill Lynch, allowing them to independently produce ten films, including "Captain America". Paramount Pictures agreed to distribute the film. [cite news | author=Ben Fritz; Dana Harris | url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117921812.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 | title=Paramount pacts for Marvel pix | work=Variety | date=2005-04-27 | accessdate=2008-03-02] [cite news | author=Pamela McClintock| url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117924871.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 | title=$500 mil pic fund feeds Warner Bros.| work=Variety | date=2005-06-21 | accessdate=2008-03-02]

Originally, the film would stand-alone. Producer Avi Arad said, "The biggest opportunity with Captain America is as a man 'out of time', coming back today, looking at our world through the eyes of someone who thought the perfect world was small-town America. Sixty years go by, and who are we today? Are we better?" He cited the "Back to the Future" trilogy as an influence, and claimed he had "someone in mind to be the star, and definitely someone in mind to be the director". [cite news | author=Larry Carroll | url=http://www.mtv.com/shared/movies/interviews/a/arad_avi_062005/| title=Future Shocks: What's ahead for Avi Arad and his Marvel empire| work=MTV | date=2005 | accessdate=2008-03-02] In February 2006, Arad hoped to have a summer 2008 theatrical release date. [cite news | author=Steven Zeitchick| url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117938775.html?categoryid=1056&cs=1| title=Marvel stock soars on rev outlook| work=Variety | date=2006-02-23 | accessdate=2008-03-02] Jon Favreau approached Arad to direct the film as a comedy, but he chose to make "Iron Man" instead. [cite news | author = Edward Douglas| title = Exclusive: Jon Favreau on "Iron Man" | work = Superhero Hype! | date = 2006-07-26 | url = http://www.superherohype.com/news.php?id=4568| accessdate=2008-03-02] In July 2006, David Self was hired to write the script. [cite news | author=Chris Gardner| url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117947046.html?categoryid=2159&cs=1|title=Where things stand on 5 stalled superheroes|work=Variety|date=2006-07-18| accessdate=2008-03-02] He explained Captain America was his favorite superhero as a child because "my dad told me I could one day be Captain America". [cite news | author=Borys Kit | url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002424612 | title=Marvel Studios outlines slew of superhero titles | work=The Hollywood Reporter | date=2006-04-28 | accessdate=2008-10-07] Michael France was also interested. [cite news|author=Stax|title=10 Questions: Mike France|work=IGN|date=2003-06-19|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/424/424582p2.html|accessdate=2008-10-07] Producer Kevin Feige said "about half" of the film would be set during World War II, before moving into the modern day.cite news | url=http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/796/796582p1.html | title=Captain America is Coming | work=IGN | date=2007-06-14 | accessdate=2008-10-07]

"Captain America" was put on hold during the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. However, in January 2008, Marvel Entertainment reached an interim comprehensive agreement with the Writers Guild of America that would put writers immediately back to work on various projects that were under the company's development. [cite news|author=Dave McNary|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117979610.html|title=Lionsgate signs as WGA talks go on| work=Variety|date=2008-01-24|accessdate=2008-03-02] On May 5, 2008 (after the success of "Iron Man"), Marvel announced the film "The First Avenger: Captain America" for a May 6, 2011 release.cite news|author=Marvel Entertainment|url=http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=7165|title=Marvel Studios Sets Four More Release Dates!| work=Superhero Hype!|date=2008-05-05|accessdate=2008-05-05] "The Incredible Hulk" director Louis Leterrier viewed some of the concept art being created for the film, and was impressed enough to offer his services, but Marvel turned him down. [cite news|author=Garth Franklin|title=Leterrier On More "Hulk", "America"|work=Dark Horizons|date=2008-07-21|url=http://www.darkhorizons.com/news08/080721k.php|accessdate=2008-10-07]

When asked whether anti-American sentiments would effect the film's box office, Feige said, "The good news is Marvel is perceived pretty well around the world right now, and I think putting another uber-Marvel hero into the worldwide box office would be a good thing. [...] We have to deal with much the same way that Captain America, when thawed from the Arctic ice, entered a world that he didn't recognize, and had to sort of deal with the changes, whether it was when [Stan Lee|Stan [Lee] did it in the [1960s] and that world Steve Rogers was coming into, or the world of 2009 [when the release date was originally projected] ." Likewise, Arad noted "Captain America stands for freedom for all democracies, for hope all around the world. He was created to stop tyranny and the idea of stopping tyranny is important today as it was then and unfortunately it's not going to change because that's how the world works. So I think that we will have some interesting challenges but at the end of the day if the movie is terrific and the movie talks to the world, it's not about one place, it's about the world and I think [on] that basis it will be very successful." [cite news | author = Robert Sanchez | title = Exclusive Interview: Avi Arad and the IESB Go 1:1! | work = IESB | date = 2007-04-21 | url = http://iesb.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2344&Itemid=99 | accessdate=2008-10-07]

Crossovers

In August 2006, Zak Penn was hired to write the script for an "Avengers" film. [cite news|title=Zak Penn Writing "The Avengers"|work=Superhero Hype!|date=2006-08-10|url=http://www.superherohype.com/news.php?id=4628|accessdate=2008-03-02] "Iron Man" director Jon Favreau said he would like to direct the film, which would be a crossover to fictional universes in other upcoming Marvel films such as "Captain America", "Iron Man", "Thor", and "The Incredible Hulk". He also explained that Marvel has told him that "they're pretty clear on wanting to do it with the actors who’ve established the roles or to not do it at all. I think it’s a good idea if you use the characters established in the other franchises that then come together for an event." [cite news|author=Shawn Adler|title="Iron Man" Helmer Jon Favreau Wants To Assemble "Avengers" Flick|work=MTV|date=2008-01-03|url= http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/01/03/iron-man-helmer-jon-favreau-wants-to-assemble-avengers-flick/| accessdate=2008-03-02]

In "Iron Man", part of Captain America's shield can be seen in Tony Stark's workshop.cite news|url=http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=0&id=54651|title=Captain America, Thor Details Leaked|author=Patrick Lee|date=2008-05-22|work=Sci Fi Wire|accessdate=2008-07-13] An exclusive comic book released with the Wal-Mart deluxe DVD version of Iron Man confirms the appearance of the shield. It claims that Tony Stark's father created the technology for the shield, and Stark used a discarded prototype to help design the alloy used for the Iron Man suit. In "The Incredible Hulk", General Ross mentions to Emil Blonsky that there was a World War II program that created a supersoldier serum. The supersoldier serum is shown as well as Dr. Reinstein referenced as its inventor. [cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/880/880361p2.html|title=Hulk Director Speaks|author=Eric Moro|date=2008-06-09|work=IGN|accessdate=2008-07-13] [cite news | author = Edward Douglas | title = The Incredible Hulk Smashes New York Comic-Con | work = Superhero Hype! | date = 2008-04-20 | url = http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=7097 | accessdate=2008-04-21] Captain America himself may have an appearance on the film's Arctic scene in the opening of the film, which didn't make to the theatrical cut. The deleted scene where Banner attempted to committ suicide, but turned into the Hulk and cause the ice cracking, reveals what appears to be a human figure with a round object. The scene will be included on the bonus disc of the release of the DVD and Blu-Ray, which is on Oct. 21st, 2008. [http://www.comicscontinuum.com/stories/0810/08/index.htm]

Video games

* He is the protagonist in "" (1987).
* Captain America appears in "Spider-Man and Captain America in Doctor Doom's Revenge" (1989).
* He is one of four playable characters in "Captain America and the Avengers" (1991).
* He later appears in Capcom's "Marvel Super-Heroes".
* Captain America appears in the subsequent "Marvel vs. Capcom series".
* Captain America appears in ""
* Captain America appears in ""
* Captain America as a playable character in "".
* Captain America appears as a playable character in "" voiced by Trev Broudy. He is mostly seen in the cutscenes with Spider-Man, Thor, and Wolverine. His costumes include his classic, Ultimate, WWII, and U.S. Agent. Captain America has special dialogue with Arcade, the Dark Captain America and Dark Colossus and Nick Fury while Winter Soldier hints his history if one has Captain America on his team. A simulation disk has Captain America preventing Winter Soldier from launching missiles from the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier.
* Captain America appears in promotional gameplay footage of EA's upcoming (so far) unnamed Marvel fighting game, alongside Spider-Man, Dr. Doom, Juggernaut, and Hulk.
*He has been confirmed to be appear in the Marvel Ultimate Alliance Fusion. The sequel to the 2006 game Marvel Ultimate Alliance

Cameos

Captain America has a cameo in some games:
* Captain America has a cameo in 2000's "Spider-Man" game.
* Captain America has a cameo in "The Amazing Spider-Man 2" for Game Boy
* Captain America has a cameo in the home-console versions of Electronic Arts' "", in which he is defeated by an Imperfect; he appears as a playable character only in the PSP version of this game.Captain America cameo appearances in movies:
* Captain America appears as Steve Rogers (his alter ego) in a portrait on the wall of General Ross' (played by William Hurt) office while he is talking to Emil Blonsky (Tim Roth). It is said that the director of the film, Louis Leterrier, promised fans that a hidden Captain America cameo would appear in the movie.

Novels

Cap was the subject of Marvel's second foray into prose book licensing: "The Great Gold Steal" by Ted White in 1968, following an Avengers novel in 1967. This novel presented a different version of Captain America. [ [http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix3/earth6871captainamericaggs.htm Earth-6871 (Captain America: The Great Gold Steal) ] ] The novel adds a further element to the Super-Soldier process wherein Rogers' bones are plated with stainless steel. Captain America also appears in several later novels, including 1998s "Captain America: Liberty's Torch" by Tony Isabella and Bob Ingersoll, in which the hero is put on trial for the imagined crimes of America by a hostile militia group.

Music

The singer Jimmy Buffett published a song titled "Captain America", it was indeed about Captain America.

In 1985, a musical about Captain America was announced for Broadway. The piece, written by Mel Mandel and Norman Sachs, never actually premiered, although recordings of the score have surfaced.cite web|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10714FD395C0C768CDDAD0894DD484D81&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fN%2fNemy%2c%20Enid |title="The New York Times" (April 5, 1985): "Broadway" (column) by Enid Nemy. Article requires payment or registration.]

A song by the classic rock band The Kinks, "Catch Me Now I'm Falling," uses Captain America in the song as the embodiment of the band's views on the government and the economic hardships in the 1970s.

During the song "Paradise City" by Guns N' Roses, Captain America is mentioned in the last verse, before the chorus that segues to the fast, final part: "Captain America's been torn apart now/he's a court jester with a broken heart, he said/turn me around and take me back to the start/I must be losin' my mind, are you blind?/I've seen it all a million times". [ [http://www.lyricsdomain.com/7/guns_n_roses/paradise_city.html Paradise City] from LyricsDomain]

The opening line of the song "Arcadia" by the band Clutch is, "Captain America, where are you now?" It is featured on the 1991 EP, "Pitchfork" (later rereleased in 2005 as, "Pitchfork & Lost Needles").

In 2000, the progressive band moe. released a live version of their song "Captain America" on the album "L". They followed the release later that year with a studio cut of the song on the "Dither" album.

The band Styx has a song about Captain America on their album "Cyclorama".

In 2005, the collaboration album known as "Roadrunner United", the song on track 15, "I Don't Wanna Be (A Superhero)" contains the line "Captain America is going to die."

In 2007, independent artist Will Kouf released a story-based album or rock opera, based around the origin of Captain America.cite web|url=http://www.archive.org/details/CaptainAmerica |title="Will Kouf Music" (October 23, 2007)]

ee also

*Alternate versions of Captain America

References