- Naphthenic acid
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Example of a naphthenic acid
Naphthenic acid (CAS: 1338-24-5 ) is the name for an unspecific mixture of several cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl carboxylic acids with molecular weight of 120 to well over 700 atomic mass units. The main fraction are carboxylic acids with a carbon backbone of 9 to 20 carbons. The naphtha fraction of the crude oil refining is oxidized and yields naphthenic acid. The composition differs with the crude oil composition and the conditions during refining and oxidation.[1] Naphthenic acids are present in crude oil and leads to corrosion problems within the oil refineries, therefore "naphthenic acid corrosion" phenomena are well researched.[2][3] Crude oils with a high content of naphthenic acids are often referred to as high TAN (Total Acid Number) crude oils or high acid crude oil (HAC). There is also a conference called the High TAN Crude Conference which was first organized in 2005.
Mixtures of a flammable substance and naphthenic and palmitic acid aluminium salts were discovered during World War II to make napalm. These acids caused flammable hydrocarbons to gel.
Other uses of naphthenic acids depend on the refinement of the material. Naphthenic acids are used as a source material in the manufacture of corrosion inhibitors, wood preservatives, lubricant and fuel additives, driers for paints and inks, and in the production of metal soaps.
Contents
Naphthenates
Naphthenates are the salts of naphthenic acids. These salts have industrial applications including synthetic detergents, lubricants, corrosion inhibitors, fuel and lubricating oil additives, wood preservations, insecticides, fungicides, acaricides, wetting agents, and oil drying agents used in painting and wood surface treatment.
Industrially useful naphthenates include barium naphthenate, calcium naphthenate, cobalt naphthenate, copper naphthenate, lead naphthenate, magnesium naphthenate, manganese naphthenate, nickel naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, vanadyl naphthenate and zinc naphthenate.
See also
References
- ^ Walter E. Rudzinski, Leon Oehlers, and Yi Zhang (2002). "Tandem Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Commercial Naphthenic Acids and a Maya Crude Oil". Energy Fuels 16 (5): 1178–1185. doi:10.1021/ef020013t.
- ^ Slavcheva E.; Shone B.; Turnbull A. (1999). "Review of naphthenic acid corrosion in oilrefining". British Corrosion Journal 34 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1179/000705999101500761.
- ^ "Article with details concerning naphthenic acid corrosion". http://www.arabschool.org/pdf_notes/20_REFINING_OF_KUWAITS_HEAVY_CRUDE_OIL.pdf.
External links
- Article concerning refining crude oil with a high content of Naphthenic acids
- Crude oils with a high content of Naphthenic acids in China's refineries
- Crude oils containing Naphthenic acids in the Grangemouth refinery
- Overview of Naphthenic acid corrosion
- Literature survey of Naphthenic acid corrosion
- Removing Naphthenic acids from the crude oil
- Presentation by Nalco on Naphthenic acid corrosion
- Presentation by Baker Petrolite on Naphthenic acid corrosion
- Presentation by ChevronTexaco on Crude oils with a high content of Naphthenic acids
- Information by Seth Laboratories on Naphthenic acid corrosion
- Details regarding Kuwaitian heavy crudes and Naphthenic acid corrosion
- Article regarding Naphthenic acid removal
- Article regarding Naphthenic acid species
- Article abstract regarding molecular origins of heavy crude oil interfacial activity mainly caused by Naphthenic acids
- Article about processes to remove Naphthenic acids
- Article about stabilisation of water-in-oil emulsions by Naphthenic acids
- Spectometric Identification of Naphthenic Acids Isolated from Crude Oil
- Hydrogen flux and Naphthenic acid corrosion
Categories:- Petroleum products
- Carboxylic acids
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