Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence

Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence (29 September 1388 Kenilworth Castle – 22 March 1421 Battle of Baugé) was the second son of King Henry IV of England and his first wife, Mary de Bohun.

Thomas married Lady Margaret Holland, widow of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent in November or December of 1411. No children were born from this union, though Thomas was stepfather to her six children from her first marriage.

Thomas fought in the Siege of Rouen (July 1418 - 19 January 1419), where he commanded the sieging force; and in the Battle of Baugé on 22 March 1421. He was killed, by Sir Alexander Buchanan or Sir John de la Croise, during the latter and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

*Duke of Clarence (9 July 1412 - 22 March 1421); extinct upon his death until the Third Creation of it in (1461)
*1st Earl of Aumale (9 July 1412 - 22 March 1421); extinct upon his death

Honours

*Knight, Order of the Bath (12 October 1399 - 22 March 1421)
*Knight, Order of the Garter (1400 - 22 March 1421)

Offices held

*Lord High Steward of England (1399-1421) - he was the last permanent holder of this office, the highest in medieval England.
*Chief Governor of Ireland (1401-1413)
*Lord High Admiral (1405-1406)
*Lieutenant of Aquitaine (1412-1413)
*Lord High Steward of Chester (1415)
*Constable of the Army (1417)
*Lieutenant-General (United Kingdom) of the Army in France and Normandy (1417 and 1421)

Arms

Sources conflict as to Thomas' arms — as a son of the soveregn, Thomas bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by either::a "label of three points ermine". [ [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family] ] :a "label of three points ermine, each cantoned gules", as depicted in the above image.

Ancestry

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1= 1. Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence
2= 2. Henry IV of England
3= 3. Mary de Bohun
4= 4. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
5= 5. Blanche of Lancaster
6= 6. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford
7= 7. Joan FitzAlan
8= 8. Edward III of England
9= 9. Philippa of Hainault
10= 10. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
11= 11. Isabel de Beaumont
12= 12. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton
13= 13. Elizabeth de Badlesmere
14= 14. Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel
15= 15. Eleanor of Lancaster
16= 16. Edward II of England
17= 17. Isabella of France
18= 18. William I, Count of Hainaut
19= 19. Joan of Valois
20= 20. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
21= 21. Maud Chaworth
22= 22. Henry de Beaumont
23= 23. Alice Comyn
24= 24. Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford
25= 25. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
26= 26. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere
27= 27. Margaret de Clare
28= 28. Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel
29= 29. Alice de Warenne
30= 30. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (= 20)
31= 31. Maud Chaworth (= 21)

References

* pages 102 & 123
* Vol I pg 368, Vol III pg 258 & 259