Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency

The Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency (SMPA) is the primary police force for the South Korean capital city of Seoul, and is one of 13 provincial police forces in the country, and is headquartered along with the National Police Headquarters in the city itself."World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems: [http://www.ojp.gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjsko.txt South Korea] " retrieved August 4 2007] While modern police agencies of Seoul can trace their history back to 1945 with the creation of a heavily American influenced Korean police force, the modern-day Metropolitan Police Agency in Seoul came into being on August 1 1991 and currently polices over 10 million inhabitants.SMPA [http://www.smpa.go.kr/smpaWeb/eng/eng_03.asp History] retrieved August 4 2007]

History

The first independent police force in Seoul was the US Army-led Kyunki-Do Police Department, which was brought into being on August 15 1945 following the liberation of Korea from Japanese occupation. This was quickly followed up by the creation of a National Police Force on October 21, and a more dedicated Seoul Metropolitan Police Force on September 17 1946. This organization underwent a series or reforms, including a renaming to the Metropolitan Police Bureau in 1948, the creation of the National Assembly Police Security Guards in 1951, the Seoul Mobile Police Corps ' creation in 1961, the Central Government Complex Police Security Guards in 1971, which were quickly joined by the Airport Police Security Guards in 1973 and the Olympic Security Guards in 1985. Together, these divisions became the present day Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency in 1991, with "1 Deputy Commissioner General, 7 departments, 2 directors, 17 divisions [and] 7 direct control squads." [ [http://www.police.go.kr/KNPA/index.jsp?_page=18 The Period of National Police Agency] Korean National Police Agency. Retrieved August 4 2007]

Events since 1993

In 1993, the SMPA was tasked with the investigation of a possible bomb threat to visiting American President Bill Clinton, as what was later termed a gas-pipe explosion took place in the Grand Hyatt Seoul Hotel, where he was planning to stay. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D8153FF935A35754C0A965958260 "Seoul Police Rule Out Bomb At Hotel Clinton Was to Use"] New York Times retrieved August 4 2007] In 1999 SMPA riot officers with tear gas and water cannons faced "several hundred" pro-unification marchers at Seoul National University, however despite rocks being thrown at the police, there was no response and no serious clashes were reported. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E1D71039F935A2575BC0A96F958260 "Seoul Police Block March to the North"] New York Times retrieved August 4 2007]

The SMPA was given custody of two US Army soldiers charged with negligently killing two teenage girls in 2002, amid mass protests over their fate. Allegations were made that the SMPA allowed one of the US soldiers to be attack by the crowds. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2097137.stm "US soldiers charged for Korean deaths"] BBC News retrieved August 4 2007] In 2006 the SMPA arrested a North Korean defector and ex bodyguard of Kim Jong-il, as well as three others for trading fake aphrodisiacs in Seoul. [ [http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200608/200608100020.html "Kim Jong-il" Aphrodisiac Gang Busted"] The Chosun Ilbo, retrieved August 4 2007]

In 2007 SMPA was under scrutiny following the resignation of its police chief, Hong Young-ki, after an alleged revenge attack. [ [http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20070525/skorea-tycoon-trouble.htm "Seoul Police Chief Out Over Tycoon Probe"] International Business Times, retrieved August 4 2007] Allegations were made that the SMPA overlooked the attack by its police chief on one of South Korea's richest men. [ [http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/25/africa/seoul.php "Seoul police chief resigns amid allegations over an arrest of a tycoon"] International Herald Tribune, retrieved August 4 2007] [ [http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90777/6201580.html "Former S. Korean police officer arrested for alleged cover-up of tycoon's crime"] People's Daily, retrieved August 4 2007]

Uniforms, organization, and ranks

Uniforms

The working uniforms of the SMPA consist of dark green or black trousers, light green or blue shirt and a black or white officer’s cap with emblems corresponding to the above ranks. The dress uniform, which has remained the same since 1945, consists of full black dress uniform and cap for male officers, and similar blue dress uniforms for female officers. The golden barnstar emblem of the SMPA which originated with its creation in 1945 was gradually phased out in favor of a smaller golden star by 1991, with similar golden, and then silver stars being replaced by American-style chevrons.SMPA [http://www.smpa.go.kr/smpaWeb/eng/eng_04.asp Ranks and Uniforms] retrieved August 4 2007]

Organization

The SMPA is organized under a commissioner, who works with the chiefs of a public relations division and an inspections relations division, as well as a deputy commissioner, to oversee the police force. The force is split into two sections, one which contains all the police officer corps, the Korean SWAT units, security guards and air units, and the other which contains intelligence, public affairs, security and traffic departments which in turn manage specialist police divisions of their own.SMPA [http://www.smpa.go.kr/smpaWeb/eng/eng_02.asp Organization and Duties] retrieved August 4 2007]

Equipment

The SMPA operates much equipment which is standardized throughout the entire Korean National Police force. The metropolitan areas in particular user Automatic Vehicle Number Identification systems, however SMPA's computer dispatch systems, Automatic Vehicle Location Systems and Mobile Data Terminals are standard features across the country, as is policy of using specialist armed police rather than issuing firearms to each officer. SMPA also operates a significant percentage of the National Police Force's 4,891 police cars, 1,685 police pick- ups, 765 police trucks, 865 special-mission vehicles and 9,181 police motorcycles.

The SMPA does, however, utilise certain technologies that are unique to its own force. With such a large population, the SMPA contracted Sepura to outfit 5,000 TETRA radios and communication equipment to officers in July 2007. Sepura SRH3800 sGPS hand-held radios, and SRM3500 and SRG3500 in-vehicle radios were provided, along with new technology making its debut with the SMPA. [ [http://www.sepura.com/news-detail.php?newsid=269 "Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency select Sepura"] Sepura, retrieved August 4 2007] The SMPA also utilise Road Speed Determination systems to collect real-time traffic information for Seoul's road network via GPS to be available for SMPA road units and members of the public. [ [http://www.wavemarket.com/news_press.php?newsid=6 "WaveMarket and Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency Introduce Traffic and Road Speed Determination"] WaveMarket Press Release. Retrieved August 4 2007]

Notes

External links

* [http://www.npa.go.kr/ KNPA Official website]
* [http://www.smpa.go.kr/ SMPA Official website]