Mikhail Vrubel

Mikhail Vrubel
Self portrait 1885
Birth name	Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel
Born	March 17, 1856 (1856-03-17) Omsk, Siberia
Died	April 14, 1910 (1910-04-15) Saint Petersburg
Nationality	Russian
Field	Painting
Movement	Symbolism

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Вру́бель; March 17, 1856 – April 14, 1910, all n.s.) is usually regarded amongst the Russian painters of the Symbolist movement. In reality, he deliberately stood aloof from contemporary art trends, so that the origin of his unusual manner should be sought in Late Byzantine and Early Renaissance painting.

Early life

USSR stamp, 1991

Vrubel was born in Omsk, Russia, into a military lawyer's family. His father was of Polish ancestry (Polish: Wróbel), while his mother who was Danish died when he was three years old. And though he graduated from the Faculty of Law at St Petersburg University in 1880, his father had recognized his talent for art and had made sure to provide, through numerous tutors, what proved to be a sporadic education in the subject. The next year he entered the Imperial Academy of Arts, where he studied by direction of Pavel Chistyakov. Even in his earliest works, he exhibited great talent for drawing and an idiosyncratic style. He would later develop a penchant for fragmentary composition and an "unfinished touch".

In 1884, he was summoned to replace the lost 12th-century murals and mosaics in the St. Cyril's Church of Kiev with new ones. In order to execute this commission, he went to Venice to study medieval Christian art. It was here that, in the words of an art historian, "his palette acquired new strong saturated tones resembling the iridescent play of precious stones". Most of his works painted in Venice have been lost, because the artist was more interested in creative process than in promoting his artwork.

Demon Seated in a Garden, 1890

In 1886, he returned to Kiev, where he submitted some designs to the newly-built St Volodymir Cathedral. The jury, however, failed to appreciate the novelty of his works, and they were rejected. At that period, he executed some illustrations for Hamlet and Anna Karenina which had little in common with his later Demon and Prophet themes.

In 1905 he created the mosaics of the hotel "Metropol" in Moscow, of which the centre piece of the facade overlooking Teatralnaya Ploschad is occupied by the mosaic panel, 'Princess Gryoza' (Princess of Dream).

Controversial fame

The Swan Princess (1900)

While in Kiev, Vrubel started painting sketches and watercolours illustrating the Demon, a long Romantic poem by Mikhail Lermontov. The poem described the carnal passion of "an eternal nihilistic spirit" to a Georgian girl Tamara. At that period Vrubel developed a keen interest in Oriental arts, and particularly Persian carpets, and even attempted to imitate their texture in his paintings.

In 1890, Vrubel relocated to Moscow where he could best follow the burgeoning innovations and trends in art. Like other artists associated with the Art Nouveau style, he excelled not only in painting but also in applied arts, such as ceramics, majolics, and stained glass. He also produced architectural masks, stage sets, and costumes.

Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel – The Artist's Wife (1898)

It is the large painting of Seated Demon (1890) that brought notoriety to Vrubel. Most conservative critics accused him of "wild ugliness", whereas the art patron Savva Mamontov praised the Demon series as "fascinating symphonies of a genius" and commissioned Vrubel to paint decorations for his private opera and mansions of his friends. Unfortunately the Demon, like other Vrubel's works, doesn't look as it did when it was painted, as the artist added bronze powder to his oils in order to achieve particularly luminous, glistening effects.

During 1896, he met the famous opera singer Nadezhda Zabela. Half a year later they married and settled in Moscow, where Zabela was invited by Mamontov to perform in his private opera theatre. While in Moscow, Vrubel designed stage sets and costumes for his wife, who sang the parts of the Snow Maiden, the Swan Princess, and Princess Volkhova in Rimsky-Korsakov's operas. Using Russian fairy tales, he executed some of his most acclaimed pieces, including Pan (1899), The Swan Princess (1900), and Lilacs (1900).

Decline

In 1901, Vrubel returned to the demonic themes in the large canvas Demon Downcast. In order to astound the public with a spiritual message, he repeatedly repainted the demon's ominous face, even after the painting had been exhibited to the overwhelmed audience. At the end he had a severe nervous breakdown and was hospitalized in a mental clinic. Vrubel's mental illness was initiated or complicated by tertiary syphilis.^[1] While there, he painted a mystical Pearl Oyster (1904) and variations on the themes of Alexander Pushkin's poem The Prophet. In 1906, overpowered by mental disease and approaching blindness, he ceased painting. Vrubel died on April 14, 1910.

Works

• 

  Hamlet and Ophelia 1883

• 

  The Virgin and Child 1884

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  Moses 1884

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  Angel with Censer and Candle 1887

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  Flowers in Blue Vase 1887

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  Demon seated in the garden 1890

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  Chrysanthemums, 1894

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  Roses and Orchids, 1894

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  Yellow Roses, 1894

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  Demon (Ceramics) 1894

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  Fortune teller 1895

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  Flight of Faust and Mephisto 1896

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  Portrait of Savva Mamontov – 1897

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  Bogatyr 1898

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  Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel – Artist's wife in a stage dress 1898

• 

  Pan. 1899

• 

  Lilac 1900

• 

  Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel – 1900

• 

  Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel – as the Swan Princess 1900

• 

  Pearl oyster 1904

• 

  Six-winged Seraph (Azrael). 1904

• 

  Six winged Seraph (after Pushkin's poem Prophet), 1905

• 

  Portrait of Valery Bryusov. 1906

• 

  Self-portrait, 1904-1905

• The Bogatyr (Hero) is a decorative oil on canvas panel painted in 1898. It is displayed in The Russian Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.^[2]
• Vrubel's Demon publication
• Vrubel's Demon descriptions
• Vrubel and Ceramics
• Vrubel and Decorative Panels

On Google Art Project

• Demon (sitting)
• Princess Reverie

References

1. ^ Независимая психиатрическая ассоциация
2. ^ Mikhail Vrubel. The Bogatyr (Hero). - Olga's Gallery at www.abcgallery.com

Further reading

• Stepan P. Yaremich, Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel. Zhizn’ i tvorchestvo [Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel. Life and works], Igor Grabar (ed.), Moscow: Knebel, 1911.
• Mikhail A. Vrubel, Letters 521–540. In Mastera iskusstv ob iskusstve [Masters of arts about art], vol. 4, D. Ye. Arkin and B. N. Ternovets (eds.), 521–540, Moscow/Leningrad: State Publishing House of Fine Arts, 1937.
• Petr K. Suzdalev, Vrubel and Lermontov, Moscow: Izobrazitelnoe iskusstvo, 1980.
• Dmitrij V. Sarab’yanov, Vrubel, Moscow: Izobrazitelnoe iskusstvo, 1981.
• Aline Isdebsky-Pritchard, The Art of Mikhail Vrubel (1856–1910), UMI Research Press, 1982.
• Nina A. Dmitrieva, Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel, Leningrad: Hudozhnik RSFSR, 1984.
• Natalia Dmitriyeva, Russian Painters of the XIX century, Moscow, 1990.
• Mikhail Guerman, Michail Vrubel: The Artist of the Eves, Parkstone Press, 1998.
• Georgij Yu. Somov, Connotations in semiotic systems of visual art (by the example of works by M. A. Vrubel). Semiotica 158 (1/4), 147- 212, 2006.

External links

The Fine Arts Museum in Vrubel's native city Omsk is named after him

• Canvases and biography by Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel
• Works by Vrubel at the Russian Art Gallery
• Vrubel's short biography
• Online Vrubel museum
• Mikhail Vrubel Gallery
• Mikhail Vrubel

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Persondata
Name	Vrubel, Mikhail
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	March 17, 1856
Place of birth	Omsk, Siberia
Date of death	April 14, 1910
Place of death	Saint Petersburg