The Worldly Philosophers

"The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers" is a book by Robert L. Heilbroner. The book was written in 1953 and has sold more than four million copies through seven editions. (The only other book on the same subject to sell more copies is Paul Samuelson's "Economics".) Heilbroner begins chapter two by describing the paradoxicalness and precariousness of human behavior. Self-centeredness, he writes, characterizes human life along with cooperation. The result is what he calls a "struggle" (p. 18). In "primitive" (p. 19) societies such as that of the Eskimos, the struggle does not pose a problem: Individuals behave under strong pressure to act in the interest of survival. He contrasts those societies with "advanced" or "modern" ones, in which "this tangible pressure of the environment, or this web of social obligation, is lacking" (p. 19). In those societies, fewer incentives exist for individuals to act for the purpose of survival. The result is that "society's existence hangs by a hair" (p. 19). Because of modern society's complexity, a small change could lead to social disarray. (One should note that he cautiously uses the words "disorganized" and "breakdown", rather than stronger words like "collapse" or "fail", to describe a society that falls victim to those ills.)

Heilbroner describes three ways in which societies have dealt with such precariousness: tradition, authoritarianism, and market systems. The former two operate in the "old" ways, but the latter one is nothing less, according to Heilbroner, than a modern revolution. (He even goes on to say this revolution was fundamentally more profound than the American Revolution, French Revolution, and Russian revolution of 1917.)

The sixth edition finally revealed "backnotes" providing references to support the book. Some such sources were unable to be noted. The book's original research material has, according to Heilbroner, "long since disappeared." The book's prose also changed with Heilbroner's "own evolving views", though the revisions made over time are unclear and apparently "noticeable perhaps only to scholars in the field". However, Heilbroner mentions references to the "collapse of Soviet communism" which occurred at the time.

Contents

# Introduction
# The Economic Revolution
# The Wonderful World of Adam Smith
# The Gloomy Presentiments of Parson Malthus and David Ricardo
# The Dreams of the Utopian Socialists
# The Inexorable System of Karl Marx
# The Victorian World and the Underworld of Economics
# The Savage Society of Thorstein Veblen
# The Heresies of John Maynard Keynes
# The Contradictions of Joseph Schumpeter
# The End of the Worldly Philosophy?

Publication data

*"The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times And Ideas Of The Great Economic Thinkers", 1953, Simon & Schuster
**1972 4th edition hardcover: ISBN 0-671-21325-3
**1980 5th edition, Touchstone paperback: ISBN 0-671-25595-9
**1992 6th edition hardcover: ISBN 0-671-63482-8
**1999 7th edition, Touchstone paperback: ISBN 0-684-86214-X

References

* [http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/2005/01/robert_heilbron.html Heilbroner 2005 death notice] with book description