Vittorio Giannini

Vittorio Giannini (October 19, 1903 – November 28, 1966) was an neoromantic American composer of operas, songs, symphonies, and band works.

Life and work

Giannini began as a violinist under the tutelage of his mother; he would go on to study violin and composition at the Milan Conservatory on scholarship, and then to take his graduate degree at the Juilliard School. He would return to Juilliard to teach, moving on to the Manhattan School of Music and the Curtis Institute of Music. His students included Alfred Reed, Anthony Iannaccone, M. William Karlins, Irwin Swack, John Corigliano, Adolphus Hailstork, Thomas Pasatieri, Avraham Sternklar, and Nancy Bloomer Deussen. Giannini was the founder and first president of the North Carolina School of the Arts, in 1963 which he envisioned as a type of Juilliard of the South, bringing legendary artists such as the cellist, Janos Starker, and violinist, Ruggiero Ricci, to teach there. He remained there until his death. Giannini's father, Ferruccio Giannini, was an opera singer and founder of the Verdi Opera House in Philadelphia, as were as his two sisters. Euphemia Giannini Gregory taught Voice at the Curtis Institute for 40 years counting among her students the opera divas Anna Moffo and Judith Blegen. In fact, it was his sister, Dusolina Giannini, who was a pivotal figure in the success of his operas. Dusolina was a dramatic soprano and prima donna who played such roles as Aida and Donna Anna throughout Europe, until moving to the United States to sing with the Metropolitan Opera and finally to spend her remaining years teaching. Her career was already well underway when Vittorio wished to premiere his first opera, "Lucedia" and it was her influence that led to its production in 1934. Four years later she would create the role of Hester Prynne in his opera from Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter" (adapted by Karl Flaster). Both operas would be successful, as would most of his later operas (though two, "Casanova" and "Christus", remain unperformed).

His partnership with poet Karl Flaster was a fruitful one. In addition to his work on "The Scarlet Letter", Flaster was the librettist for several of Giannini's operas, including "Lucedia" and "The Harvest". Also, Flaster collaborated with Giannini on many of his most successful art songs, including "Tell Me, Oh Blue Blue Sky"; many of these songs are now staples of vocal recitalists' repertoire.

Though it was his vocal and operatic writing which earned him greatest renown, Giannini also composed several symphonies, concerti, works for the wind band (for which his "Symphony no. 3" was written), and wrote several solo piano and chamber works. Despite this wide range of output, most of his work is seldom performed, and little of it has been recorded.

Musical style

Giannini is linked to the Romantic tradition, particularly considering that most of his American musical contemporaries were exploring the realms of neoclassicism and twelve-tone composition. He rejected the academicism of much of the music of his contemporaries, stating that his works were motivated by "an unrelenting quest for the beautiful, with the humble hope that I may be privileged to achieve this goal, if only for one precious moment and share this moment with my listeners." His main influences were the composers of the late Romantic period, particularly the romanticism of Puccini and the chromaticism of Richard Wagner; as Giannini's style developed it grew in darkness, intensity, and tonal adventurousness, exploring dissonance without succumbing to modernism. In general Giannini's works were well-received; the modernists, however, held his music in little regard, and critic Arthur Cohn described him as "a 20th century composer using well sharpened tools of the 19th century.”

Giannini's works, particularly the later vocal works, are regarded as prime examples of the American neoromantic style; others of the American neoromantic school include Samuel Barber and Howard Hanson.

elected works

* "Stabat mater" (1922), SATB and orchestra
* "Tell Me, O Blue, Blue Sky" (1927), voice/piano
* "String Quartet" (1930)
* "Suite" (1931), orchestra
* "Lucedia" (1934), opera, libretto K. Flaster
* "Piano Concerto" (1935)
* "Symphony ‘In memoriam Theodore Roosevelt’" (1935)
* "Organ Concerto" (1937)
* "Triptych" (1937), soprano choir and strings
* "Requiem" (1937), choir and orchestra
* "The Scarlet Letter" (1938), opera, libretto Flaster after N. Hawthorne
* "Sonata no. 1" (1940), violin and piano
* "Sing to My Heart a Song" (c. 1942), voice/piano
* "Sonata no. 2" (1944), violin and piano
* "Variations on a Cantus firmus" (1947), piano
* "The Taming of the Shrew" (1950), opera, libretto by Giannini and D. Fee after Shakespeare
* "Symphony no. 1 ‘Sinfonia’" (1950)
* "Divertimento no. 1" (1953), orchestra
* "Prelude and Fugue" (1955), string orchestra
* "Preludium and Allegro" (1958), symphonic band
* "Symphony no. 3" (1958), symphonic band
* "The Medead" (1960), soprano voices and orchestra
* "The Harvest" (1961), opera, libretto Flaster
* "Divertimento no. 2" (1961), orchestra
* "Antigone" (1962), soprano voices and orchestra
* "Psalm cxxx" (1963), bass/cello and orchestra
* "Variations and Fugue" (1964), symphonic band
* "Symphony no. 5" (1965)
* "Servant of Two Masters" (1966), opera, libretto B. Stambler, after C. Goldoni

External links

* [http://www.walter-simmons.com/wilderness/giannini/giannini.htm Sound samples at walter-simmons.com]
* [http://www.ncarts.edu/ncsaprod/visitorscenter/history_timeline.asp North Carolina School of the Arts history] Beauty and the Beast - Opera in one act

References and further reading

* Walter G. Simmons, "Vittorio Giannini". Grove Music Online [http://www.grovemusic.com (subscription access)]
* Harry Haskell and Walter G. Simmons, "Vittorio Giannini". Grove Music Online (OperaBase) [http://www.grovemusic.com (subscription access)]
* Max de Schaunseer, "Dusolina Giannini". Grove Music Online [http://www.grovemusic.com (subscription access)]
* Walter Simmons, "Voices in the Wilderness: Six American Neo-Romantic Composers", (Scarecrow Press, 2004)