Kaltjiti, South Australia

Infobox Australian Place | type = town
name = Kaltjiti (Fregon)
state = sa


caption =
lga = Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
postcode = 5710
est = c1934
pop = 350 (PY Media)
elevation= 524
maxtemp = 37.1
mintemp = 5.0
rainfall = 222.6
stategov = Giles
fedgov = Grey
dist1 =
dir1 =
location1= Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands

Kaltjiti is an Aboriginal community in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia, comprising one of the six main communities on "The Lands" (the others being Amata, Ernabella/ Pukatja, Pipalyatjara, Indulkana and Mimili).

Geography

Kaltjiti (coord|26.765|S|132.0333|E|region:AU-SA_type:city(350)) is situated approximately 45 kilometres south of the Musgrave Ranges and lies west of the Everard Ranges. Kaltjiti is also situated approximately 137 kilometres from Stuart Highway. Kaltjiti lies directly south of Umuwa and Ernabella/ Pukatja.The community straddles the Officer Creek, which in turn flows from South Australia's highest mountain, Mt Woodroffe. The creek is usually a dry sandy bed and only flows at times of very high rainfall.

Climate

Based on the climate records from Marla, Kaltjiti experiences summer maximum temperatures of an average of 37.1 degrees celsius in January and a winter maximum average temperature of 19.7 degrees celsius in June. Overnight lows range from a mean minimum temperature of 21.8 degrees in January to 5.0 degrees in June.

Annual rainfall averages 222.6 millimetres. [Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology data [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_016085.shtml] ]

Population

Kaltjiti's population is approximately 350 people [PY Media, Fregon page [http://www.waru.org/communities/fregon/] ] . The Australian Bureau of Statistics' 1999 Yearbook indicated population counts of 268 (in 1986), 310 (1991) and 299 (1996). [1999 ABS Yearbook; [http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/CA25687100069892CA256888001DB9A2/$File/13014_1999.pdf] ]

History

The first recording by non-indigenous Australians of a community at Kaltjiti was by Ernest Giles. In September 1873 during his second trip into the South Australian interior, he and another party member, William Tietkens, encountered 200 male Aborigines. The Europeans fired shots, allegedly in retaliation for the throwing of spears. The Europeans escaped unharmed - there is no mention of Aboriginal casualties. Giles later acknowledged that Aboriginal aggression was usually due to white trespass on black land. Giles named the river where this occurred "The Officer", by which it was known until the 1930s when it was renamed Officer Creek. [South Australian Department of Primary Industry and Resources [http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:PKok-4yOgnoJ:www.pir.sa.gov.au/pages/petrol/data/pgsa3/vol3-2.pdf+officer+creek&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=au] ]

Harold Brown established the first European settlement in 1934 when he was granted the water permit for the Shirley Well block, 60 kilometres south of Ernabella. The well on the north side of the Officer creek was dug near the existing bore and the Browns built their house on the south side.

Brown and his colleague Allan Brumby had been encouraged by R. M. Williams’ stories (of successfully hunting dingoes to facilitate a cull encouraged by Government bounties for dingo scalps) to take up "dogging" themselves. In about 1929 they headed west on a dogging andprospecting trip that took them through the Musgrave and Mann Ranges and as far as Ayers’ Rock. They climbed the rock and left a message in a bottle for the nextvisitors. By the early 1930s Brown had established a base-camp in the PetermannRange and was dogging as far west as the Rawlinson and Warburton Ranges. Brown sank a successful well near Officer Creek, south of the Musgrave Ranges, andclaimed the government reward. He constructed a mud hut and a dug-out dwelling atShirley Well and ran some sheep, but continued to make long dogging tripswestwards. Brown had an Aboriginal wife and several children but in 1934 he married a white woman in Alice Springs. He abandoned his Aboriginal wife and their children,and his new wife joined him at Shirley Well. [History Trust of South Australia Conference Paper - Tom Gara [http://www.history.sa.gov.au/history/conference/Tom_Gara.pdf] ]

The South Australian Government resumed Brown's lease in 1939, and Ernabella gained grazing rights there. After the abortive attempt in 1957 to jointly establish outstations west of Ernabella, it was decided in 1960 to establish an outstation on the Shirley Well block under the umbrella of Ernabella. Aboriginal people were camped at Shirley Well permanently, which made it easy to expand the sheep industry to include this area.

Fregon was built with government assistance in 1961 as a base for cattlemen and their families. According to tradition, the community took the name "Fregon" at that time in honour of a Mrs Fregon of Victoria who donated £5-10,000 to help missionaries establish a bore at the site. A site was chosen 4-5 kilometres south of Shirley Well on the Officer Creek about 60 kilometres south west of Ernabella. The aim of the outstation was to provide training in cattle work and for the families to have access to traditional country in the sandhills to the west. Fregon was administered through Ernabella and it was not until 1968 that it had its own airstrip. It began with a school, a small hospital, a workshop, a small store and staff houses. There were four staff members including a schoolteacher, a nursing sister, an overseer and a cattle manager.

Tuberculosis wiped out the cattle industry and transport business in the 1980s.

Facilities

Kaltjiti has an airstrip (to which mail is delivered twice a week). Diesel power generation facilities supply power to the community.

Water is provided from 4 bores and placed in storage tanks for pumping to the community.

Kaltjiti has the Aparawatatja Anangu school (Aparawatatja was the name of the community council formed when Fregon (later Kaltjiti) was incorporated in 1973).

Technical and further education ("TAFE" for short) opportunities are provided to the community.

There is a health facility run by Nganampa Health with a doctor based at the Kaltjiti clinic.

There is a general store supplied fortnightly via road train and forming the main supply for the APY Lands.

Kaltjiti has an Australian Rules Football field and a basketball court with night lights.

The community runs the Kaltjiti Arts and Crafts. [ [http://www.kaltjitiarts.com.au :::::: Kaltjiti Arts :::::: ] ]

Kaltjiti does not have a permanent police presence. South Australian police are based at Marla and run patrols in the area. There is a rudimentary shed structure that serves as a police station when police are present. [SA Police Association Newsletter, [http://journal.pasa.asn.au/apps/uploadedFiles/news/293/APY_lands.pdf] ] The community is served in the absence of SA Police with 1 community constable.

As with most APY settlements, Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Special Broadcasting Service television are available.

The Uniting Church in Australia has a congregation in Kaltjiti. [UCA List of Congregations [http://ns.uca.org.au/congregations/congregations.html] ]

A mobile polling booth visits Kaltjiti every 4 years for elections of the Parliament of South Australia.

A permit is required for a member of the public to visit any community on the APY Lands, as they are freehold lands owned by the Aboriginal people.

Footnotes

Further external links

*cite web
last =
first =
year =
url = http://www.waru.org/communities/fregon/
title = PY Media Site : Fregon community
format = HTML
work =
accessdate = 2007-07-06
*cite web
last =
first =
year =
url = http://fregon.sa.edu.au/
title = Fregon Anangu School Website
format = HTML
work =
accessdate = 2007-07-06
*cite web
last =
first =
year =
url = http://www.kaltjitiarts.com.au
title = Kaltjiti Arts and Crafts website
format = HTML
work =
accessdate = 2007-07-05
*cite web
last =
first =
year = 2007
url = http://www.abc.net.au/canberra/stories/s1965931.htm
title = Miri Kutjara Tjungu (Skin to skin) - APY Arts Showcase in Canberra
format = HTML
work = Louise Maher, 666AM ABC Radio Canberra
accessdate = 2007-07-10