Battle of Ourique

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Ourique
partof=the Reconquista


caption="The Miracle of Ourique" by Domingos Sequeira (1793)
date=July 25 1139
place=Ourique in Alentejo (southern Portugal)
casuse=
territory=
result=Portuguese victory
combatant1=Portuguese Christian Army
combatant2=Andalusian Muslims of the Al-Murabitoon
commander1=Afonso Henriques
commander2=Ali ibn Yusuf
strength1=Unknown
strength2=Unknown
casualties1=Unknown
casualties2=Unknown

The Battle of Ourique (pronounced|oˈɾik(ɨ)) took place in July 25 (St. James day) 1139, probably in the countryside outside the town of Ourique, present-day Alentejo (southern Portugal), but there is no certainty about its exact location. In this battle, the forces of Portuguese Prince Afonso Henriques (of the House of Burgundy) clashed against the Al-Murabitoons lead by Ali ibn Yusuf.

Despite the fact that the Christian Portuguese forces were strongly outnumbered, the Muslim armies were weakened by internal leadership problems, and the victory for Afonso Henriques was such that he proclaimed himself King of the Portuguese as Afonso I with the overwhelming support of his troops, having vanquished and slain, so legend says, five Moorish kings.Fact|date=October 2008

Immediately after the battle, King Afonso I of Portugal called for the first assembly of the estates-general of Portugal at Lamego, where he was given the Crown from the Bishop of Braga, to confirm the independence from the Kingdom of León and Castile.

Some years later, the idea of a miraculous intervention in the battle by Saint James the Great in favour of the Portuguese sprang up. St. James was widely venerated in Iberia (with a main center of veneration in Santiago de Compostela, in Galicia, where his tomb is supposed to be located), being generally seen as the "Matamouros" ("Moor-slayer"). In the process of Portuguese independence this legend changed with time, due to the need to make distance with Spanish devotional practices and beliefs. In a first stage St. James was replaced by Saint George, and, in a second stage, by Christ himself. The legend of the miracle of the Battle of Ourique served thus as a political instrument to defend Portuguese independence as divine will. Alexandre Herculano (19th century) demonstrated that the legend is not Portuguese but from Galicia and that the legend is linked to Santiago de Compostela (about Saint James of Compostela)Fact|date=October 2008. In the 13th century two Spanish writers, Frei Lucas de Tui and the Archbishop of Toledo, recounted a similar miracle.

It is said that, in commemoration of the Battle of Ourique, the Portuguese coat-of-arms bears five small shields (representing the five defeated Moorish kings), though this interpretation has been challenged by many authors.

ee also

*Timeline of Portuguese history
**Second County of Portugal (11th to 12th Century)
**