- John Gadsby Chapman
John Gadsby Chapman (1808 - 1889) was an American
artist famous for "The Baptism of Pocahontas", which was commissioned by theUnited States Congress and hangs in theUnited States Capitol rotunda .Life and career
John Chapman was born in 1808 in
Alexandria, Virginia . Chapman began his study of art inPhiladelphia for two years, then departed for Europe where he eventually spent time inItaly . In 1831, Chapman returned to his hometown of Alexandria, and exhibited his artwork in the nearest metropolitan areas, such asWashington, D.C. , Richmond, and Philadelphia. He specialized in landscapes and portraits.By 1834, Chapman had moved to
New York City and become a member of theNational Academy of Design , and found work as an illustrator. In New York, Chapman embarked on a series of historic paintings, such as "Landing at Jamestown" and the "'Crowning of Powhatan". The success of these paintings helped Chapman land a commission from theUnited States Congress in February 1837 to paint a historical scene for the rotunda of the Capitol building. For this work, Chapman received a total payment of $10,000. On November 30th, 1840, "The Baptism of Pocahontas" was formally unveiled in the Capitol rotunda.On the swell of this success, Chapman moved his family to
Rome , and made an earnest living selling paintings of ruralCampagna to American visitors. However, at the onset of theAmerican Civil War , the tourist industry dried up, affecting Chapman's fortunes greatly. In addition, Chapman's own son,Conrad Chapman , returned to America to fight on the side of theConfederate States of America .The economic deprivation inflicted on Chapman during the 1860s became insurmountable. In Rome, he was forced to live off the kindness of fellow expatriates, and finally returned to America, sick and poor, to spend his last days with another son, Jack, in
Brooklyn, New York . It was there, in 1889, that he died a pauper.References
* [http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whoweare/exhibits/chapman/index.htm Library of Virginia biography of John G. Chapman and his son, Conrad Chapman.]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.