Carpus and tarsus of land vertebrates

Forelimb skeleton of orang-utan, dog, swine, cattle, tapir, and horse

Accessory tarsal bones of human foot. Os trigonum is number 30.

The carpus (wrist) and tarsus (ankle) of land vertebrates primitively had three rows of carpal or tarsal bones. Often some of these have become lost or fused in evolution.

• Three proximals. In the hand humans has all three. In the foot the middle proximal appears in 5-15% of people as an os trigonum.^[1]
• Centrale or os centrale, on the medial side. In humans and our closest relatives the African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) it fuses to the scaphoid where it forms the articulation with the trapezoid bone; occasionally it stays separate. In Man's foot it is the navicular. Some early land vertebrates had more than one (up to three) os centrale per hand or foot (plural "(ossa) centralia").
• Distals, one per finger / toe at the base of each metacarpal or metatarsal. In mammals the 4th and 5th fuse. In the horse the 1st is lost.

See also

• Tetrapod limbs

References

1. ^ Cluett, Jonathan (August 2003). "Os Trigonum". About.com. http://orthopedics.about.com/cs/footanklesurgery/g/ostrigonum.htm. Retrieved December 2009. 

This anatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Skeletal system Anatomy stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую Margin (typography) Malik Murtaza Look at other dictionaries: Carpus — For other uses, see Carpus (disambiguation). Bone: Carpals BONES OF (right) HAND Proximal: A=Scaphoid, B=Lunate, C=Triquetrum, D=Pisiform Distal: E=Trapezium, F=Trapezoid, G=Capitate, H …   Wikipedia Tarsus (skeleton) — For other uses, see Tarsus (disambiguation). Left from below: Right from above. Bones of human tarsus. A Calcaneus. B Talus. C Cuboid. D Navicular. E, F, G Cuneiform bones In tetrapods, the tarsus is a cluster of articulating bones in each foot… …   Wikipedia skeleton — skeletonless, adj. skeletonlike, adj. /skel i tn/, n. 1. Anat., Zool. the bones of a human or an animal considered as a whole, together forming the framework of the body. 2. any of various structures forming a rigid framework in an invertebrate.… …   Universalium Tetrapod — Taxobox name = Tetrapods fossil range = Late Devonian to Recent image width = 200px image caption = A Fire Salamander. regnum = Animalia phylum = Chordata subphylum = Vertebrata superclassis = Tetrapoda superclassis authority = Broili, 1913… …   Wikipedia Eye — For other uses, see Eye (disambiguation), Ocular (disambiguation), Ocular, and Oculus. For taxon specific articles, see human eye, simple eye in invertebrates, mollusc eye, and arthropod eye. Eye …   Wikipedia artiodactyl — artiodactylous, adj. /ahr tee oh dak til/, adj. 1. Zool. having an even number of toes or digits on each foot. n. 2. a hoofed, even toed mammal of the order Artiodactyla, comprising the pigs, hippopotamuses, camels, deer, giraffes, pronghorns,… …   Universalium Lung — For other uses, see Lung (disambiguation). Lunged redirects here. For other uses, see Lunge. The lungs of a pig …   Wikipedia Testicle — Diagram of male (human) testicles …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”