- USS Tanager (AM-5)
USS "Tanager" (AM-5) was an "Lapwing"-class minesweeper acquired by the
U.S. Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing."Tanager" was named by the U.S. Navy after the
tanager , one of numerous American passerine birds. "Tanager" (Minesweeper No. 5) was laid down on28 September 1917 atNew York City , by theStaten Island Shipbuilding Co.; launched on2 March 1918 ; sponsored by Mrs. G. H. Bates; and commissioned on28 June 1918 , Lt. (jg.) Michael Higgins in command.World War I Atlantic operations
After operating locally out of
Boston, Massachusetts through the late summer of1918 , "Tanager", in company with "Western King", departedNew London, Connecticut , on26 September , bound for theAzores . The minesweeper subsequently operated out of Punta Delgada on local escort duties with the Azores detachment through the fall, before pushing on towardPortugal and reachingLisbon on the day afterChristmas 1918 . Later in her tour inEurope an waters, she delivered a case ofserum to "Georgia" (BB-15) (Battleship No. 15) which apparently was trying to combat an outbreak ofinfluenza . In the spring, "Tanager" was assigned to the mine-sweeping detachment established to clear theNorth Sea Mine Barrage from between the shores ofScotland andNorway and arrived atKirkwall , Scotland, on7 May 1919 . The barrage—which had been laid duringWorld War I to prevent a sortie by theGerman High Seas Fleet and forays by GermanU-boat s—now prevented the resumption of the commercial shipping which had criss-crossed theNorth Sea before the war. While sweeping Group 9, the third operation conducted by the mine force, "Tanager" suffered damage in heavy weather and was forced to put into Kirkwall for a week of repairs. Besides the hazards posed byNeptune in the stormyNorth Sea , the mines provided their own particular brand of danger.Damaged by a near-miss mine
While sweeping Group 10 late in June, "Tanager" fouled a mine in one of her "kites"; and it exploded close aboard, again forcing the ship to limp to Kirkwall for repairs. The severity of her damage required a period in the Admiralty dock at Chatham. By late summer, the barrage had been swept. In company with other vessels of her squadron, "Tanager" sailed for the
United States on1 October and — after stops at Brest,France ;Lisbon ; andHamilton, Bermuda - arrived at New York on19 November . For part of the voyage, from Lisbon to Hamilton, she towed "SC-272".Stateside repairs
Upon completion of permanent repairs at
Charleston, South Carolina , "Tanager" was assigned to theU.S. Pacific Fleet in December1919 . She was reclassified AM-5 on17 July 1920 .Pacific Ocean assignment
The minesweeper steamed to the
Hawaiian Islands and operated out ofPearl Harbor from1920 to1941 . Her services for the Fleet included target-towing, participation in mine-laying and minesweeping exercises, and transportation of men and mail. In addition, she took part in scientific expeditions toNecker Island andNihoa Island in the Hawaiian chain and operated briefly atWake Island in the summer of1923 during anornithological survey. In August1925 , she served on a plane guard station for the PN flying boats' unsuccessful flight from theU.S. West Coast toHawaii . Her routine duties atPearl Harbor were twice interrupted. In early1928 , she was assigned duty as station ship atPago Pago ,Samoa ; and, late in March, she unsuccessfully attempted to free SS "Steelmaker", aground onMitchell Island . In 1930, "Tanager" operated betweenMare Island, California andSan Diego, California , for a time, towing and assisting in the preparation of many decommissioned flush-deck, four-pipedestroyers for inactive berthing at the Destroyer Base at the latter place.World War II Pacific Theatre operations
In early
1941 , "Tanager" received a major overhaul which transformed hersilhouette . Her heavy foremast and boom were removed; splinter-shielding was added around her guns and upper bridge; and a depth-charge track was fitted astern. Thus outfitted, she lost excess topside weight and now had better fields of fires for herantiaircraft battery. Assigned toMine Division 9,Asiatic Fleet , "Tanager" sailed fromPearl Harbor on11 May 1941 , bound for theAsiatic Station . The minecraft proceeded viaGuam to thePhilippines . En route, she plane-guarded for twoPBY 's being flown out as reinforcements forAdmiral Thomas C. Hart 's air patrol forces. Calling atGuam from 29 to30 May , "Tanager" arrived atManila on5 June . She commenced local operations almost immediately and, for the next few months, made patrols off theCorregidor minefield s; towed targets fordestroyer andsubmarine exercises; and conductedminesweeping andminelaying duties. From October through December, "Tanager" participated in the laying of anantisubmarine net acrossMariveles Bay ,Bataan - a difficult operation accomplished in spite of the fact that there were no specialized net-laying craft in thePhilippines .Japanese planes attack the fleet in the Philippines
On
8 December 1941 (7 December east of theInternational Date Line ),Japan ese planes struckPearl Harbor and plunged theUnited States into thePacific War . On the next day, Japanese planes destroyed GeneralDouglas MacArthur 'sFar Eastern Air Force on the ground on its Philippine fields and struck theCavite Navy Yard on the 10th. "Tanager" lay alongsideMachina Wharf when the high-level bombers came over dropping their lethal loads. In the ensuingholocaust , the minesweeper managed to leave the area.Others were not so fortunate. "USS Bittern" was wrecked; "USS Sealion" was sunk alongside a
pier ; and "USS Peary" and "USS Pillsbury" were damaged. More importantly,Cavite was destroyed as an operating base for theAsiatic Fleet . WithCavite out of commission andManila declared an "open city " onChristmas Day1941 , American and Filipino forces withdrew toBataan andCorregidor . "Tanager" carried the equipment and staff of the Commandant,16th Naval District , Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell, out to the "Rock" during his withdrawal; and she subsequently operated out ofCorregidor on inshore patrol duties.Sunk by enemy shore fire
In ensuing months, "Tanager" and her dwindling number of sister ships and former
China rivergunboat s lived a furtive, hunted existence. "Tanager" served almost until the bitter end. On4 May 1942 , the day of the commencement of theBattle of the Coral Sea , the minesweeper was hit byshore battery fire from Japanese guns emplaced onBataan . Mortally hit, she sank offCorregidor that day.Awards
"Tanager" was struck from the
Navy list on8 May 1942 and received onebattle star for her valiant service in the Philippine campaign in1941 and1942 .References
See also
*
List of United States Navy ships
*Lapwing class minesweeper
*World War I
*World War II
*Minesweeper (ship)
*Minesweeping External links
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/#Anchor-Editoria-14954 Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/AM/AM-5_Tanager.html Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 AM-5 USS Tanager]
* [http://www.multied.com/navy/Minelayer/tanager.html USS Tanager]
* [http://uboat.net/allies/warships/class.html?ID=225&navy=USS uboat.net - Allied Warships - Lapwing class Minesweepers]
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