Collagen XVII

Collagen XVII, previously called BP180, is a transmembrane protein which plays a critical role in maintaining the linkage between the intracellular and the extracellular structural elements involved in epidermal adhesion [Franzke, C. W., Bruckner, P., and Bruckner-Tuderman, L. (2005) Collagenous transmembrane proteins: recent insights into biology and pathology. J.Biol. Chem. 280: 4005-4008] .

PBB_Summary
section_title =
summary_text = This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XVII collagen. Unlike most collagens, collagen XVII is a transmembrane protein. Collagen XVII is a structural component of hemidesmosomes, multiprotein complexes at the dermal-epidermal basement membrane zone that mediate adhesion of keratinocytes to the underlying membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with both generalized atrophic benign and junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Two homotrimeric forms of type XVII collagen exist. The full length form is the transmembrane protein. A soluble form, referred to as either ectodomain or LAD-1, is generated by proteolytic processing of the full length form.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: COL17A1 collagen, type XVII, alpha 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1308| accessdate = ]

tructure

Collagen XVII is a homotrimer of three alpha1(XVII)-chains [Hirako, Y., Usukura, J., Nishizawa, Y., and Owaribe, K. (1996) Demonstration of the molecular shape of BP180, a 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen and its potential for trimer formation. J.Biol. Chem. 271: 13739-13745] and a transmembrane protein in type II orientation. Each 180 kD a-chain contains a globular intracellular domain of approximately 70 kDa, which interacts with beta4-integrin, plectin, and BP230 [Hopkinson, S. B., Findlay, K., deHart, G. W., and Jones, J. C. (1998) Interaction of BP180 (type XVII collagen) and alpha 6 integrin is necessary for stabilization of hemidesmosome structure. J.Invest Dermatol. 111: 1015-1022] [Hopkinson, S. B. and Jones, J. C. (2000) The N terminus of the transmembrane protein BP180 interacts with the N-terminal domain of BP230, thereby mediating keratin cytoskeleton anchorage to the cell surface at the site of the hemidesmosome. Mol. Biol.Cell 11: 277-286] and is necessary for the stable attachment of hemidesmosomes to keratin intermediate filaments. The large C-terminal ectodomain with a molecular mass of approximately 120 kDa consists of 15 collagenous subdomains, characterized by typical collagenous G-X-Y repeat sequences, flanked by 16 short non-collagenous stretches. The overall structure of the ectodomain is that of a flexible, rod like triple-helix [Hirako, Y., Usukura, J., Nishizawa, Y., and Owaribe, K. (1996) Demonstration of the molecular shape of BP180, a 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen and its potential for trimer formation. J.Biol. Chem. 271: 13739-13745] [Hirako, Y., Usukura, J., Uematsu, J., Hashimoto, T., Kitajima, Y., and Owaribe, K. (1998) Cleavage of BP180, a 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen, yields a 120-kDa collagenous extracellular polypeptide. J.Biol. Chem. 273: 9711-9717] with a significant thermal stability [Schacke, H., Schumann, H., Hammami-Hauasli, N., Raghunath, M., and Bruckner-Tuderman, L. (1998) Two forms of collagen XVII in keratinocytes. A full-length transmembrane protein and a soluble ectodomain. J.Biol. Chem. 273: 25937-25943] [Areida, S. K., Reinhardt, D. P., Muller, P. K., Fietzek, P. P., Kowitz, J., Marinkovich, M. P., and Notbohm, H. (2001) Properties of the collagen type XVII ectodomain. Evidence for n- to c-terminal triple helix folding. J.Biol. Chem. 276: 1594-1601] . The membrane proximal part of the ectodomain, within amino acids 506-519, is responsible for binding to alpha 6 integrin, this binding seems to be important for the collagen XVII integration into hemidesmosomes. The largest collagenous domain, Col15, which contains 232 amino acids (amino acids 567-808), contributes significantly to stability of collagen XVII homotrimer. The C-terminus of collagen XVII binds to laminin 5, and correct integration of laminin 5 into the matrix requires collagen XVII.

Pathology

Mutations in the human collagen XVII gene, Gene|COL17A1, lead to the absence or structural alterations of collagen XVII [Zillikens, D. and Giudice, G. J. (1999) BP180/type XVII collagen: its role in acquired and inherited disorders or the dermal-epidermal junction. Arch Dermatol. Res 291: 187-194] . The functional consequences include diminished epidermal adhesion and skin blistering in response to minimal shearing forces . The disorder is called junctional epidermolysis bullosa, an autosomal recessive skin disease with variable clinical phenotypes. Morphological characteristics of junctional epidermolysis bullosa are rudimentary hemidesmosomes and subepidermal tissue separation. Clinical hallmarks, in addition to blisters and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes, include nail dystrophy, loss of hair, and dental anomalies. Collagen XVII also plays a role as an autoantigen in acquired subepithelial blistering disorders [Zillikens, D. (1999) Acquired skin disease of hemidesmosomes. J.Dermatol. Sci. 20: 134-154 ] . Most immunodominant epitopes lie within the NC16A domain, and the binding of the autoantibodies perturbs adhesive functions of the collagen XVII, and this (together with inflammation-related processes) leads to epidermal-dermal separation and skin blistering.

hedding

Collagen XVII is constitutively shed from the keratinocyte surface within NC16A domain by TACE (TNF-Alpha Converting Enzyme), metalloproteinase of the ADAM family [Franzke, C. W., Tasanen, K., Borradori, L., Huotari, V., and Bruckner-Tuderman, L. (2004) Shedding of collagen XVII/BP180: structural motifs influence cleavage from cell surface. J.Biol. Chem. 279: 24521-24529] . The shedding is lipid raft dependent [ Zimina EP, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Franzke CW. (2005). Shedding of collagen XVII ectodomain depends on plasma membrane microenvironment. J Biol Chem. 280(40):34019-24. ] . Collagen XVII is extracellularly phosphorylated by ecto-casein kinase 2 within the NC16A domain, phosphorylation negatively regulates ectodomain shedding [ Zimina EP, Fritsch A, Schermer B, Bakulina AY, Bashkurov M, Benzing T, Bruckner-Tuderman L. (2007) Extracellular phosphorylation of collagen XVII by ecto-casein kinase 2 inhibits ectodomain shedding.J Biol Chem. 282(31):22737-46. ] .

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Giudice GJ, Emery DJ, Diaz LA |title=Cloning and primary structural analysis of the bullous pemphigoid autoantigen BP180. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=99 |issue= 3 |pages= 243–50 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1324962 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Li KH, Sawamura D, Giudice GJ, "et al." |title=Genomic organization of collagenous domains and chromosomal assignment of human 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen-2, a novel collagen of stratified squamous epithelium. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 35 |pages= 24064–9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1748679 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Sawamura D, Li KH, Nomura K, "et al." |title=Bullous pemphigoid antigen: cDNA cloning, cellular expression, and evidence for polymorphism of the human gene. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=96 |issue= 6 |pages= 908–15 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2045679 |doi=
*cite journal | author=McGrath JA, Gatalica B, Christiano AM, "et al." |title=Mutations in the 180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG2), a hemidesmosomal transmembrane collagen (COL17A1), in generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=11 |issue= 1 |pages= 83–6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7550320 |doi= 10.1038/ng0995-83
*cite journal | author=Myers JC, Sun MJ, D'Ippolito JA, "et al." |title=Human cDNA clones transcribed from an unusually high-molecular-weight RNA encode a new collagen chain. |journal=Gene |volume=123 |issue= 2 |pages= 211–7 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7916703 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hirako Y, Usukura J, Nishizawa Y, Owaribe K |title=Demonstration of the molecular shape of BP180, a 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen and its potential for trimer formation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 23 |pages= 13739–45 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8662839 |doi=
*cite journal | author=McGrath JA, Gatalica B, Li K, "et al." |title=Compound heterozygosity for a dominant glycine substitution and a recessive internal duplication mutation in the type XVII collagen gene results in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and abnormal dentition. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=148 |issue= 6 |pages= 1787–96 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8669466 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gatalica B, Pulkkinen L, Li K, "et al." |title=Cloning of the human type XVII collagen gene (COL17A1), and detection of novel mutations in generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=60 |issue= 2 |pages= 352–65 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9012408 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Jonkman MF, Scheffer H, Stulp R, "et al." |title=Revertant mosaicism in epidermolysis bullosa caused by mitotic gene conversion. |journal=Cell |volume=88 |issue= 4 |pages= 543–51 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9038345 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Borradori L, Koch PJ, Niessen CM, "et al." |title=The localization of bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180) in hemidesmosomes is mediated by its cytoplasmic domain and seems to be regulated by the beta4 integrin subunit. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=136 |issue= 6 |pages= 1333–47 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9087447 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Schumann H, Hammami-Hauasli N, Pulkkinen L, "et al." |title=Three novel homozygous point mutations and a new polymorphism in the COL17A1 gene: relation to biological and clinical phenotypes of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=60 |issue= 6 |pages= 1344–53 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9199555 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Chavanas S, Gache Y, Tadini G, "et al." |title=A homozygous in-frame deletion in the collagenous domain of bullous pemphigoid antigen BP180 (type XVII collagen) causes generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=109 |issue= 1 |pages= 74–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9204958 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Darling TN, Yee C, Koh B, "et al." |title=Cycloheximide facilitates the identification of aberrant transcripts resulting from a novel splice-site mutation in COL17A1 in a patient with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=110 |issue= 2 |pages= 165–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9457913 |doi= 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00103.x
*cite journal | author=Aho S, Uitto J |title=Direct interaction between the intracellular domains of bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BP180) and beta 4 integrin, hemidesmosomal components of basal keratinocytes. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=243 |issue= 3 |pages= 694–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9500991 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8162
*cite journal | author=Aho S, McLean WH, Li K, Uitto J |title=cDNA cloning, mRNA expression, and chromosomal mapping of human and mouse periplakin genes. |journal=Genomics |volume=48 |issue= 2 |pages= 242–7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9521878 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.5188
*cite journal | author=Schaapveld RQ, Borradori L, Geerts D, "et al." |title=Hemidesmosome formation is initiated by the beta4 integrin subunit, requires complex formation of beta4 and HD1/plectin, and involves a direct interaction between beta4 and the bullous pemphigoid antigen 180. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=142 |issue= 1 |pages= 271–84 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9660880 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ishiko A, Shimizu H, Masunaga T, "et al." |title=97 kDa linear IgA bullous dermatosis antigen localizes in the lamina lucida between the NC16A and carboxyl terminal domains of the 180 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=111 |issue= 1 |pages= 93–6 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9665393 |doi= 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00231.x
*cite journal | author=Floeth M, Fiedorowicz J, Schäcke H, "et al." |title=Novel homozygous and compound heterozygous COL17A1 mutations associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=111 |issue= 3 |pages= 528–33 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9740252 |doi= 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00325.x
*cite journal | author=Schäcke H, Schumann H, Hammami-Hauasli N, "et al." |title=Two forms of collagen XVII in keratinocytes. A full-length transmembrane protein and a soluble ectodomain. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 40 |pages= 25937–43 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9748270 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Aho S, Uitto J |title=180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen/type XVII collagen: tissue-specific expression and molecular interactions with keratin 18. |journal=J. Cell. Biochem. |volume=72 |issue= 3 |pages= 356–67 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10022517 |doi=

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