22nd Army (Russia)

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name=22nd Army


caption=
country=Soviet Union, Russian Federation
type=
branch=Red Army, Russian Ground Forces
dates=June 1941 - 1945, 1990s - present
command_structure= Moscow Military District
size=one Motor Rifle division, two Artillery/Missile brigades, one MLRS regiment and other auxiliary brigades/regiments
garrison=Nizhni Novgorod
nickname=
motto=
colors=
march=
battles=Battle of Velikie Luki
Battle of Smolensk (1941)
Operation Mars
notable_commanders=

The 22nd Army is a field army of the Russian Ground Forces, currently part of the Moscow Military District. Originally it was formed in June 1941 within the Red Army and it comprised 51st Rifle Corps (98th, 112th, and 153rd Rifle Divisions) and 62nd Rifle Corps (170th, 174th, and 186th Rifle Divisions), and several separate regiments, including the 336th and 545th Corps Artillery Regiments. [Orbat.com/Niehorster, [http://orbat.com/site/ww2/drleo/012_ussr/41_oob/stavka-reserves/army_22.html Order of Battle 22 June 1941] , accessed May 2008] Headquarters was at Veliky Luki by 22 June 1941, and General Lieutenant F. A. Ershakov took command (who would direct the army until August 1941). Lenski notes that it was then made part of the 'Group of armies of the Reserve of the Main Command'.

During the Battle of Smolensk (1941), six rifle divisions of the army fought fiercely against what victory.mil.ru describes as 16 Wehrmacht divisions, including three tank and three motorized, and under their assault 22nd Army was forced to retreat. [ [http://www.victory.mil.ru/rkka/units/03/34.html Victory.mil.ru entry] , accessed April 2008] On July 16, 1941, the Germans managed to surround the 51st Rifle Corps, and on July 20, to seize Velikie Luki. 48th Tank Division joined the Army by August 1, 1941. [ [http://www.tashv.nm.ru/BoevojSostavSA/1941/19410801.html Боевой состав Советской Армии на 1 августа 1941 г ] ]

As part of the Soviet Western Front, since October, 17th the Kalinin Front, the Army conducted defensive operations on the Idritsa–Drissa–Vitebsk frontier, participated in the Battle of Smolensk, the Kalinin defensive operation, and the Battles of Rzhev - Operation Mars in 1942. [David Glantz, [http://leav-www.army.mil/fmso/documents/countrpt/countrpt.htm Counterpoint to Stalingrad: Operation Mars (November-December 1942)] , Foreign Military Studies Office] General Major V. A. Yushkevich again took command in April 1942, after previously commanding the army in August-October 1941. 3rd Mechanised Corps under General Major M. E. Katukov joined the Army in September 1942 when it was formed, though it was later reassigned.

The Army's task as part of Operation Mars was as part of what in Soviet parlance was the 'Belyi Offensive Operation in conjunction with 39th Army. Spearheaded by the 3rd Mechanised Corps, the army was tasked to: 'advance eastward up the Luchesa River valley, pierce the German defenses, assist in the capture of Belyi, and encircle German forces around Olenino in conjunction with 39th Army.' [David Glantz, [http://leav-www.army.mil/fmso/documents/countrpt/countrpt.htm Counterpoint to Stalingrad: Operation Mars (November-December 1942)] , Foreign Military Studies Office] 'Early on 25 November, 22nd Army, with over 50,000 men and 270 tanks of 3rd Mechanised Corps, assaulted eastward up the Luchesa River valley. Attacking along a narrow corridor flanked by forests and frozen swamps, Soviet forces tore a gaping hole through German defences and drove German forces eastward up the valley. General Yushkevich's attack was spearheaded by Colonel I. V. Karpov's 238th Rifle Division and two regiments of Colonel M. F. Andriushenko's 185th Rifle Division, supported by a tank brigade of General Katukov's mechanised corps. The combined force routed a regiment of the German 86th Infantry Division and punctured the German front.'

In 1943, the Army fought as part of the North-Western Front since April 21, then from October 13 as part of the Baltic Front, which became 2nd Baltic Front on October 20, 1943. 22nd Army defended the river Lovat, and participated in operations at Kholm, Velikie Luki, Leningrad-Novgorod, Staraya Russa–Novorzhev, and Rezhitsa–Dvina. It then took part in the Riga Offensive Operation, part of the Baltic Offensive. Since October 1944, together with the other armies of the Front it carried out the blockade of the German Army Group Courland in the Courland Pocket. One of the Army's rifle corps was the Latvian 130th Rifle Corps that included two rifle divisions in which served a large number of Latvians in their ranks who would soon be facing their opposites in the Latvian 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS.

Immediately after the war ended, its HQ along with the 109th Rifle Division arrived in the South Ukraine in May 1945. In the Northern summer of 1945, together with the headquarters of the Separate Coastal Army, located in the Crimea, it was reorganised as the new but short-lived Tavricheskiy Military District.

Its wartime commanders were:
*F. A. Ershakov (June - August 1941), Lieutenant General;
*V. A. Yushkevich (August-October, 19th 1941, April-December 1942 and March 1943-April 1944), General-Major, since March 1943 General-Lieutenant; Yushkevich went on to command 31st Army, and after the war, the Odessa Military District briefly)
*V. I. Vostrukhov (on October, 20th 1941 - March 1942), Major General;
*D. M. Seleznev (December 1942 - March 1943), Major General;
*G. P. Korotkov (April 1944 - May 1945), Lieutenant General.

Post Cold War

The 22nd Army Headquarters was reformed from the previous 13th Army Corps in the early 1990s in the Moscow Military District at Nizhni Novgorod. Initially it controlled the 31st Tank Division, withdrawn from the Central Group of Forces in Czechoslovakia and the 47th Guards Tank Division formerly from the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, as well as the 166th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade (Tver)(which was formerly the 6th Guards Motor Rifle Division with the Northern Group of Forces in Poland), the 211th Artillery Brigade, the 918th Multiple Rocket Launcher Regiment, (both at Mulino) and two helicopter regiments. [Andrew Duncan, 'Russian forces in decline - Part 3,' Jane's Intelligence Review, November 1996, p.492-4] However, manpower levels were low; the tank divisions were reported to be at an establishment of 2,193 each and the 166th Motor Rifle Brigade at 3,638.

By June 1998 the two tank divisions had been merged as the new 3rd Motor Rifle Division, and the new division was designated at as 'constant readiness' formation, to be maintained at at least 80% strength. Also, the 166th Motor Rifle Brigade has now been reduced to a storage base as the 70th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment (VkhVT).

Current Composition

*Headquarters - Nizhny Novgorod
**3rd Motor Rifle Division - Mulino (Nizhny Novgorod)
**50th Missile Brigade - Shuya
**211th Artillery Brigade - Mulino
**918th Multiple Rocket Launcher Regiment - Mulino
**other auxiliary brigades and regiments

ee also

*http://samsv.narod.ru/Arm/a22/arm.html
*http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/9059/RussianArmedForces.html for current units
*