William de Wiveleslie Abney

William de Wiveleslie Abney

Infobox Scientist
name = William de Wiveleslie Abney
box_width =


image_width =150px
caption = William de Wiveleslie Abney
birth_date = July 24, 1843
birth_place = Derby, England
death_date = December 3, 1920
death_place = Folkestone, England
residence =
citizenship =
nationality = English
ethnicity =
field = astronomy chemistry photography
work_institutions =
alma_mater =
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for = photography
author_abbrev_bot =
author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
prizes =
religion =
footnotes =

William de Wiveleslie Abney FRS (July 24, 1843 - December 3, 1920) was an English astronomer, chemist, and photographer.

Biography

Abney was born in Derby, England, to a clergyman father. He attended Rossall School, the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and joined the Royal Engineers in 1861, with whom he served in India for several years. Thereafter, and to further his knowledge in photography, he became a chemical assistant at the Chatham School of Military Engineering.

Abney was a pioneer of several technical aspects of photography. His endeavors in the chemistry of photography produced useful photographic products and also developments in astronomy. He wrote many books on photography that were considered standard texts at the time, although he was doubtful that his improvements would have a great impact on the subject.

Abney investigated the blackening of a negative to incidental light. In 1874, Abney developed a dry photographic emulsion, which replaced "wet" emulsions. He used this emulsion in an Egyptian expedition to photograph the transit of Venus across the sun. In 1880, he introduced hydroquinone. Abney also introduced new and useful types of photographic paper, including in 1882 a formula for gelatin silver chloride paper.

Abney conducted early research into the field of spectroscopy, developing a red-sensitive emulsion which was used for the infrared spectra of organic molecules. He was also a pioneer in photographing the infrared solar spectrum (1887), as well as researching sunlight in the medium of the atmosphere.

Abney invented the "Abney Level", a combined clinometer and spirit level, used by surveyors to measure slopes and angles.

He died in Folkestone, England.

Publications

* Chemistry for Engineers (1870)
* Instruction in Photography (1871)

Organizations and honors

* Royal Photographic Society (president)
** 1892 to 1894
** 1896
** 1903 to 1905
* Royal Astronomical Society (president)
** 1893 to 1895.
* Physical Society of London (president)
** 1895 to 1897
* Girls' Public Day School Trust (vice-President)
** 1909 to 1920
* Royal Society (fellow)
** 1876 and
* Knighted
** 1900

Quotes

* " [...] whatever little notions of art a person might have in his head would certainly be driven out of it, for the knowledge that he could take an almost unlimited number of pictures would lead him to expose a sheet on every possible occasion, and probably 99 percent of what he obtained would be thoroughly inartistic productions".

ee also

* Abney effect

References

* "Abney, William de Wiveleslie." Britannica Student Encyclopedia. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica.

Further reading

* cite encyclopedia
last = Dieke
first = Sally
title = Abney, William de Wiveleslie
encyclopedia = Dictionary of Scientific Biography
volume = 1
pages = 21-22
publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons
location = New York
date = 1970
isbn = 0684101149


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • William de Wiveleslie Abney — Abney Effekt Captain W. de W. Abney …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • William de Wiveleslie Abney — (1843 1920) est un astronome, chimiste et photographe britannique. Il est le découvreur de l effet Abney (en). Biographie Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. Votre aide est la bienvenue  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney — (* 24. Juli 1843 in Derby; † 3. Dezember 1920 in Folkestone) war ein britischer Chemiker. Leben und Wirken Abney arbeitete über die chemischen Grundlagen der Photographie, vor allem der Farbphotographie. Außerdem lieferte er Beiträge zum… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Abney, Sir William de Wiveleslie — ▪ British chemist and photographer born July 24, 1843, Derby, Derbyshire, Eng. died Dec. 3, 1920, Folkestone, Kent  a specialist in the chemistry of photography, especially noted for his development of a photographic emulsion that he used to map… …   Universalium

  • Abney — William de Wiveleslie Abney William de Wiveleslie Abney (1843 1920) est un astronome, chimiste et photographe britannique. Il est le découvreur de l effet Abney (en). Biographie Cette section est vide, pas assez détaillée ou incomplète.… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Abney — ist der Nachname folgender Personen: Don Abney (1923–2000), US amerikanischer Jazzpianist William de Wiveleslie Abney (1843–1920), britischer Chemiker Abney ist der Name mehrerer Orte: in Großbritannien: Abney (Derbyshire) in den USA: Abney… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Abney effect — The Abney effect describes the perceived hue shift that occurs when white light is added to a monochromatic light source. [Pridmore, R. “Effect of purity on hue (Abney effect) in various conditions.” Color Research and Application. 32.1 (2007):… …   Wikipedia

  • Abney —   [ æbni], Sir (seit 1900) William de Wiveleslie, britischer Chemiker, * Derby 24. 7. 1843, ✝ Folkestone 3. 12. 1920; arbeitete über die chemischen Grundlagen der Fotografie, besonders der Farbfotografie und des Mehrfarbendrucks, entwickelte… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • List of people sharing the name Abney — Abney is a surname shared by several notable people, among them being:*Derek Abney (born 1980), American footballer *Don Abney (1923 2000), American jazz pianist *Larry Abney (born 1977), American basketball player *Mary Abney (1676 1750),… …   Wikipedia

  • Topographic Abney Level — A Topographic Abney Level is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm, and a protractor scale. The Topographic Abney Level is an easy to use, relatively… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”