Gur-e Amir

Gur-e Amir

The Gur-e Amir ( _fa. گور امیر) is the mausoleum of the Asian conqueror Tamerlane (also known as Timur) in Samarkand (now in Uzbekistan). It occupies an important place in the history of Islamic Architecture as the precursor and model for the great Mughal tombs of Humayun in Delhi and the Taj Mahal in Agra, built by Timur's descendants, the ruling Mughal dynasty of North India. It has been heavily restored.

History of its Construction

Gur-e Amir is Persian for "Tomb of the King". This architectural complex with its azure dome contains the tombs of Tamerlane, his sons Shah Rukh and Miran Shah and grandson Ulugh Beg and Muhammad Sultan. Also honoured with a place in the tomb is Timur's teacher Mir Sayyid Baraka.

The earliest part of the complex was built at the end of the 14th century by the orders of Muhammad Sultan. Now only the foundations of the madrasah and khanaka, the entrance portal and a part of one of four minarets remains.

The construction of the mausoleum itself began in 1403 after the sudden death of Muhammad Sultan, Tamerlane's heir apparent and his beloved grandson, for whom it was intended. Timur had built himself a smaller tomb in Shahrisabz near his Ak-Saray palace. However, when Timur died in 1405 on campaign on his way to conquer China, the passes to Shahrisabz were snowed in, so he was buried here instead. Ulugh Beg, another grandson of Tamerlane, completed the work. During his reign the mausoleum became the family crypt of the Timurid Dynasty.

Architecture

The entrance portal to the Muhammad Sultan ensemble ( [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir/Gur-Emir_1.htm see picture] ) is richly decorated with carved bricks and various mosaics. The decoration of the portal was accomplished by the skilled craftsman (ustad) Muhammad bin Mahmud Isfahani.

Outwardly the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum is a one-cupola building. It is famous for its simplicity of construction and for its solemn monumentality of appearance. It is an octahedral building crowned by an azure fluted dome ( [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir/Gur-Emir_3.htm see picture] ). The exterior decoration of the walls consists of the blue, light-blue and white tiles organized into geometrical and epigraphic ornaments against a background of terracotta bricks. The dome (diameter - 15 m (49.21 ft), height - 12.5 m (41.01 ft)) is of a bright blue color with deep rosettes and white spots. Heavy ribbed fluting gives an amazing expressiveness to the cupola.

During the reign of Ulugh Beg a doorway ( [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir/Gur-Emir_4.htm see picture] ) was made to provide an entrance into the mausoleum.

Inwardly the mausoleum appears as a large, high chamber with deep niches at the sides and diverse decoration. The lower part of the walls covered are by onyx slabs composed as one panel. Each of these slabs is decorated with refined paintings. Above the panel there is a marble stalactite cornice. Large expanses of the walls are decorated with painted plaster; the arches and the internal dome are ornamented by high-relief papier-mache cartouches, gilded and painted ( [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir/Gur-Emir_5.htm see picture] ).

The ornate carved headstones in the inner room of the mausoleum merely indicate the location of the actual tombs in a crypt directly underneath the main chamber. Under Ulugh Beg's government a solid block of dark green jade was placed over the grave of Tamerlane ( [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir/Gur-Emir_6.htm see picture] ). Formerly this stone had been used at a place of worship in the Chinese emperor's palace, then as the throne of Kabek Khan (a descendant of Genghis Khan) in Karshi. Next to Tamerlane's grave lie the marble tombstones of his sons Miran Shah and Shah Rukh and also of grandsons - Muhammad Sultan and Ulugh Beg. Tamerlane's spiritual teacher Mir Said Baraka, also rests here.

ubsequent History

In 1740, the Persian warlord Nadir Shah stole the stone, but it broke in two and he started to have a run of extremely bad luck. His advisors urged that he return the stone to its rightful place immediately. The second time the stone was disturbed was on June 19,1941 when Soviet archaeologists opened the crypt. The anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov was able to reconstruct Tamerlane's facial features from his skull, and it was also confirmed that he was a giant for his day, was 172 cm, and would have walked with a pronounced limp. Further historical information about the assassination of Ulugh Beg and the authenticity of the other graves was also confirmed. However, the archaeologists involved also invoked the curse, as the Nazis invaded Russia three days later. The tomb inscription reads: "Anyone who violates my stillness in this life or in the next one, will be subjected to inevitable punishment and misery". Timur's skeleton and that of Ulugh Beg, his grandson, were reinterred with full Islamic burial rites in 1942, on the same day as the victory in Stalingrad.

Nearby Monuments

Some consider the Gur-e Amir, Ruhabad mausoleum and Aksaray mausoleum to be a combined ensemble because of their closeness.

Ruhabad (14th c.) is a small mausoleum ( [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir/Gur-Emir_10.htm see picture] ) and is said to contain a hair of Prophet Muhammad. The one story madrasah now accommodates craftsmens' shops. There is a functioning mosque next door to the madrasah. All three combine into one good-looking ensemble ( [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir/Gur-Emir_7a.htm see picture] ).

The Aksaray mausoleum (15th c.), unrestored, is located on a quiet street behind Gur-e Amir ( [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir/Gur-Emir_12.htm see picture] ).

See also

* Registan
* Bibi-Khanym Mosque
* Shah-i-Zinda
* Tourism in Uzbekistan

External links

* [http://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/samarkand.htm Samarkand - the Capital of Tamerlane]
* [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/Gur-Emir.htm Gur Emir complex, Rukhobod, Aksaray mausoleums. Information, photos,] [http://pagetour.narod.ru/samarkand/mappn.htm location]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Gur-e Amir — El Gur e Amir (persa: گور امیر) es el mausoleo del conquistador asiático Tamerlán (también conocido como Timur ) en Samarcanda, actual Uzbekistán. Ocupa un importante lugar en la historia de la arquitectura islámica como precursor y modelo de las …   Wikipedia Español

  • Gūr-e Amīr — ▪ mausoleum, Samarkand, Uzbekistan also spelled  Gur Emir , English  Tomb of the Commander   mausoleum of the 14th century Mongol conqueror Timur, or Tamerlane, in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Though it has suffered from time and earthquakes, the… …   Universalium

  • Gur Emir — Gesamtansicht des Mausoleumskomplexes. Im Vordergrund sind die Grundmauern der Madrasa zu erkennen. Das Gur Emir Mausoleum (persisch گور امیر; usbekisch Go ri Аmir; Gur=Grab, Emir=Fürst/Herrscher) in Samarqand ist die Grabstätte Timur Langs und… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gur-Emir-Mausoleum — Gesamtansicht des Mausoleumskomplexes. Im Vordergrund sind die Grundmauern der Madrasa zu erkennen. Das Gur Emir Mausoleum (persisch ‏گور امیر‎; usbekisch Goʻri Аmir; Gur=Grab, Emir=Fürst/Herrscher) in Samarqand ist die Grabstätte Timur… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Amir Zeyada — Liste de combattants de kick boxing Les boxes pieds poings les plus courantes Cette page est une liste de combattants de boxes pieds poings célèbres. Le terme kick boxeur désigne en premier lieu un pratiquant de kick boxing. Ce terme est… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Гур Эмир — Мавзолей Гур Эмир узб. Go r Amir Maqbarasi …   Википедия

  • Samarcanda — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Para otros usos de este término, véase Samarcanda (desambiguación). Samarqand Samarcanda …   Wikipedia Español

  • Islamic arts — Visual, literary, and performing arts of the populations that adopted Islam from the 7th century. Islamic visual arts are decorative, colourful, and, in religious art, nonrepresentational; the characteristic Islamic decoration is the arabesque.… …   Universalium

  • Timur — Denkmal in Taschkent Tīmūr bin Taraghay Barlas (Mitteltürkisch: ‏تیمور‎ Temür‎, „das Eisen“), in der abendländischen Geschichtsschreibung besser bekannt als Tamerlan bzw. Timur Lenk (ugs. Timur der Lahme [1], * 8. April 1336 in Kesh, heute… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Timur Lang — Timur Denkmal in Taschkent Tīmūr bin Taraghay Barlas (Mitteltürkisch: ‏تیمور‎ Temür‎, „das Eisen“), in der abendländischen Geschichtsschreibung besser bekannt als Tamerlan bzw. Timur Lenk (ugs. Timur der Lahme [1], * 8. April 1336 in Kesh, heute… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”