Mama Quilla

Mama Quilla (Quechua: Mama Killa), in Inca mythology and religion, was the third power and goddess of the moon. She was the sister and wife of Inti, daughter of Viracocha and mother of Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo, mythical founders of the Inca empire and culture. She was the goddess of marriage and the menstrual cycle, and considered a defender of women. She was also important for the Inca calendar.

Myths surrounding Mama Quilla include that she cried tears of silver and that lunar eclipses were caused when she was being attacked by an animal. She was envisaged in the form of a beautiful woman and her temples were served by dedicated priestesses.

Beliefs

Mama Quilla was known as "Mother Moon", and was goddess of the moon.^[1] According to Father Bernabé Cobo, writing in the mid-sixteenth century, the moon was worshipped because of her "admirable beauty" and the "benefits she bestows upon the world".^[2] She was important for calculating the passage of time and the calendar, due to the fact that many rituals were based upon the lunar calendar and adjusted to match the solar year.^[1] She also oversaw marriage, women's menstrual cycles^[3] and was deemed the protector of women in general.^[4]

Myths surrounding Mama Quilla

One myth surrounding the moon was to account for the "dark spots"; it was believed that a fox fell in love with Mama Quilla because of her beauty, but when he rose into the sky, she squeezed him against her, producing the patches.^[1] The Incas would fear lunar eclipses as they believed that during the eclipse, an animal (possibly a mountain lion,^[2] serpent^[2][4] or puma^[4]) was attacking Mama Quilla. Consequently, people would attempt to scare away the animal by throwing weapons, gesturing and making as much noise as possible. They believed that if the animal achieved its aim, then the world would be left in darkness. This tradition continued after the Incas had been converted to Catholicism by the Conquistadors, which the Spanish used to their advantage. The natives showed the Spanish great respect when they found that they were able to predict when the eclipses would take place.^[2] Mama Quilla was also believed to cry tears of silver.^[1]

Relations

Mama Quilla was generally the third deity in the Inca pantheon, after Inti (god of the sun) and Illapa (god of thunder),^[2] but was viewed as more important than Inti by some coastal communities, including by the Chimú.^[1] Relatives of Mama Quilla include her husband Inti, god of the sun, and her children Manco Cápac, first ruler of the Incas, and Mama Ocllo, his wife.^[4] After the Ichma, nominally of the Chimú empire, joined the Inca empire, she also became the mother of their deity Pacha Camac.^[5] Mama Quilla's mother was said to be Viracocha.

Symbology and temples

Mama Quilla had her own temple in Cuzco, served by priestesses dedicated to her.^[1] She was imagined as a human female,^[1] and images of her included a silver disc covering an entire wall.^[4]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} D'Altroy, Terence N. (2002). The Incas. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 148. ISBN 9780631176770. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Cobo, Bernabé (1990) [1653]. Inca Religion and Customs. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. pp. 29–30. 
3. ^ "Pre-Columbian civilizations". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica (2008). http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-69448. Retrieved 2008-03-23. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Conway, D. J. (1995). Moon Magick: Myth & Magick, Crafts & Recipes, Rituals & Spells. Llewellyn Worldwide. pp. 148. ISBN 9781567181678. 
5. ^ Lanning, Edward (1968). Peru Before the Incas. Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780136615958.