Cremation in Romania

Cremation in Romania

The 20th century history of cremation in Romania began in 1923, when the Romanian Cremation Society, called Cenuşa ("Ashes"), was formed. In February 1928, the Bucharest Crematorium, also called Cenuşa, began operations. It cremated 262 corpses that year, the figure rising to 602 in 1934. In 1935, 0.19% of Romania's dead were cremated there.

Aside from the Soviet Union, Romania was the only nation in Eastern Europe to have an operational crematorium before World War II. (One was built in Debrecen, Hungary in 1932 but not opened until 1951.)

In the interwar period, Cenuşa was privately run and built the crematorium from its own funds. It faced opposition from the dominant Romanian Orthodox Church, which still prohibits cremation, and suffered from financial shortfalls. It was somewhat reliant on "administrative cremations" of, for instance, body parts from anatomical institutions, which paid well.

By 1937, the society was making gains. It recruited 184 members that year, bringing the total to 1006. In 1934 it had begun an eight-page monthly journal, Flacăra Sacră (The Sacred Flame), focusing on domestic and international developments in the field. However, Cenuşa failed to join the International Cremation Federation (ICF) when it was established in 1938.

World War II brought change to the status of cremation in Romania. In 1938, a cremator that had been ordered and paid for was not delivered before its outbreak. When Bucharest was bombed in 1944, the crematorium suffered considerable damage, leading to further financial difficulties for the society. However, religious opposition softened somewhat, and corpses from the provinces were brought in in increasing numbers. In 1945 there were 600 cremations, up from 225 in 1944.

The contact established between the ICF and Cenuşa in late 1946 was the last to occur for decades, as the Communist regime was installed soon after. During the Communist period, many prominent regime figures, including Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Chivu Stoica and Teohari Georgescu, were cremated and had their ashes placed in the Monument of the Heroes for the Freedom of the People and of the Motherland, for Socialism in Bucharest's Carol Park, whence they were removed after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. The Internationale was customarily played for them at their cremation, although Ana Pauker's family had Beethoven's Third Symphony played instead.[1]

By late 1987, the Ceauşescu regime's problems were also affecting cremation, as a power crisis meant that low gas pressure was insufficient to allow for full cremation of corpses. Anti-regime groups charged that some ashes were given to families and the half-cremated bodies disposed of in mass burials. However, corpses of wealthy and powerful figures were retained until sufficient pressure existed for a full cremation.

After a fairly rapid interwar advance, the incidence of cremation slowed considerably. A second crematorium, Vitan-Bârzeşti (named after the Bucharest neighbourhood where it is located), was opened in 1993, after Ceauşescu's fall from power. Nevertheless, in 1999, 1172 cremations were performed in Romania, representing just 12% of Bucharest deaths (while in Hungary and Slovenia that year, a third or more of nationwide dead were cremated; in Bulgaria, which opened its first crematorium in 2001, almost 5% of nationwide dead – 5254 – were cremated in 2002).

Notes

  1. ^ Robert Levy, "Ana Pauker: The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Communist", University of California Press, Berkeley, 2001, p.225 ISBN 0-520-23747-1

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Origin of the Romanians — History of Romania This article is part of a series Prehistory …   Wikipedia

  • Europe, history of — Introduction       history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …   Universalium

  • Chernyakhov culture —   traditional Götaland …   Wikipedia

  • Vampire folklore by region — Legends of vampires have existed for millennia; cultures such as the Mesopotamians, Hebrews, Ancient Greeks, and Romans had tales of demonic entities and blood drinking spirits which are considered precursors to modern vampires. However, despite… …   Wikipedia

  • Linear Pottery culture — LBK redirects here. For other uses, see LBK (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Linear B. Map of European Neolithic at the apogee of Danubian expansion, c. 4500–4000 BC …   Wikipedia

  • AUSCHWITZ — (Oświęcim), Nazi Germany s largest concentration and extermination camp. The word Auschwitz has become a metaphor for the Holocaust in general, and the phrase after Auschwitz has come to signify the great historical rupture wrought by the murder… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Dacian bracelets — Dacian gold bracelet, dated to 1st century BC – 1st century AD, from Sarmizegetusa Romania [1][2] …   Wikipedia

  • Dacians — See also: Dacia, Getae, and Thracians Statues of Dacians surmounting the Arch of Constantine[1] (i.e. southern side, left) The Dacians (Latin …   Wikipedia

  • Roma people — Infobox Ethnic group group = Roma image caption = Khamoro Roma Festival Prague 2007 flag caption = Flag of the Roma people pop = 15 million or more region1 = flagcountry|IND pop1 = 5,794,000 ref1 = lower| [cite… …   Wikipedia

  • Romani people — For other uses, see Romani (disambiguation). Romani people Rromane dźene Romani flag created in 1933 a …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”