- Third Sacred War
Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Third Sacred War
date=c.356 BC –346 BC
place=Mainland Greece
result= King Philip of Macedon establishes himself in Greece.
combatant1=Thebes,Boeotia ,Macedon
combatant2=Phocis ,Pherae
commander1=Philip II of Macedon
commander2=Philomelus ,Onomarchus ,Phayllus ,Phalaecus The Third Sacred War (356 BC- 346 BC) was fought between the forces of Thebes and Phocis for control ofDelphi . Compared to theSecond Sacred War it was longer, more bitter and more violent.Philomelus takes control of Delphi
After the Second Sacred War Thebes dominated the
Amphictyonic League . They fined Phocis heavily for a trivial offense, which enraged Philomelus, the current leader of Phocis, who took control of Delphi. The army of Phocis was relatively small and weak, so Philomelus recruited amercenary army from the neighboring Greek states. The mercenary army was said to have had problems with loyalty and morale. Philomelus was using the temple's treasures at Delphi to support the mercenaries until he was defeated at the Neon by Boetia in 354 BC and committed suicide.Onomarchus becomes leader of Phocis
After Philomelus was defeated Phocis found a new leader, Onomarchus. Onomarchus defeated Boetai and allied himself with the Pheraeans. However, this alliance was defeated by King Philip II of Macedon, who had allied with Thebes. Philip's professional army crushed Onomarchus at the
Battle of Crocus Field in 352 BC, and after the battle Onomarchus committed suicide.Defense of Thermopylae
After the defeat at the Crocus Field, Phocis was left with a greatly reduced army. While King Philip II of Macedon was preparing to attack at
Thermopylae , Onomarchus's brother Phayllus took command of Thermopylae and began the defense. Phayllus managed to keep Philip out with a heroic stand. The successor of Phoecis was Phalaecus, but he stood little chance of turning the war around as the fatal alliance of King Philip and Thebes was formed.Aftermath
By the year 347 BC, the temple treasures were starting to run out, and Phalaecus could no long afford to keep his army to a high standard. Nine years had passed since the start of the war, and both sides were exhausted. Philip announced that he would end the war in the following year, 346 BC. Despite
Athenian efforts to keep Philip out by using thePeace of Philocrates , he came against no military opposition. Phalaecus was said to have arranged a secret deal with Macedon. Philip ended the Third Sacred War in 346 BC as he had promised, by destructing almost every Phokian city. [For an account of the destruction see: Diodorus Siculus XVI 59-60; Pausanias Χ 3.1-3] In reality Philip had also settled Greece, as theGolden age of Greek history came to close and the Macedonians began to take control.Notes
[1] For an account of the destruction see: Diodorus Siculus XVI 59-60; Pausanias Χ 3.1-3. Among the destroyed Phokian cities were: Ambryssos, Antikyra,
Daulis ,Elateia , Lilaia,Panopeus and others.References
*J. Buckler. "The Theban Hegemony". Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1980.
*H. W. Park and D. W. Wormell. "The Delphic Oracle". Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1956.
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