- Acyl-CoA
Acyl-CoA is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of
fatty acid s. It is a temporary compound formed whencoenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid, inside living cells. The CoA is then removed from the chain, carrying two carbons from the chain with it, formingacetyl-CoA . This is then used in thecitric acid cycle to start a chain of reactions, eventually forming manyadenosine triphosphate .Functions
Fatty acid activation
To be oxidatively degraded, a fatty acid must first be activated in a two-step reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. First, the fatty acid displaces the diphosphate group of ATP, then coenzyme A (HSCoA) displaces the AMP group to form an Acyl-CoA. The acyladenylate product of the first step has a large free energy of hydrolysis and conserves the free energy of the cleaved phosphoanhydride bond in ATP. The second step, transfer of the acyl group to CoA (the same molecule that carries acetyl groups as acetyl-CoA), conserves free energy in the formation of a thioester bond. Consequently, the overall reaction
Fatty acid + CoA + ATP <=> Acyl-CoA + AMP + PPi
has a free energy change near zero. Subsequent hydrolysis of the product PPi (by the enzyme
inorganic pyrophosphatase ) is highly exergonic, and this reaction makes the formation of acyl-CoA spontaneous and irreversible.Fatty acids are activated in the cytosol, but oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. Because there is no transport protein for CoA adducts, acyl groups must enter the mitochondria via a shuttle system involving the small molecule
carnitine . [ Pratt C.W., Cornely, K. "Essential Biochemistry". John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2004) ]ee also
*
Acetyl-CoA
*Coenzyme A
*Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
*Fatty acid metabolism References
*1. Pratt C.W., Cornely K. "Essential Biochemistry". John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2004)
External links
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