Battle of Knocknanuss

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Knocknanuss
partof=the Irish Confederate Wars and Wars of the Three Kingdoms


caption=The Rock of Cashel, sacked by English Parliamentarian troops before the battle of Knocknanauss
date=November 1647
place=Knocknanauss, Cork, southern Ireland
result=English Parliamentarian Victory
combatant1=Irish Confederate Catholics Munster army and some Highland Scots
combatant2=English Parliamentarians
commander1=Theobald Taaffe 1st Earl of Carlingford
Alasdair MacColla
commander2=Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin
strength1=c7000
strength2=5200
casualties1=over 3000
casualties2=up to 1000|

The Battle of Knocknanauss was fought in 1647, during the Irish Confederate Wars, part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, between Confederate Ireland’s Munster army and an English Parliamentarian army under Murrough O’Brien. The battle resulted in a crushing defeat for the Irish Confederates.

Background

In the summer of 1647, Murrough O’Brien (later created the Earl of Inchiquin), commander of the English Parliamentarian forces in Cork, ravaged and burned the Confederate territory in Munster. This caused severe food shortages and earned O’Brien the Irish nickname, "Murchadh na dóiteáin" (Murrough the burner). In addition, Inchiquinn took the Rock of Cashel, which was garrisoned by Confederate troops but was also rich in emotive religious symbolism. In the sack of the castle, O’Brien's troops massacred the garrison and also all the Roman Catholic clergy they found there.

The Confederates' Munster army was incapable of stopping O’Brien because of political infighting between officers who supported a deal with the English Royalists and those who rejected such a deal. Eventually, in reaction to the sack of Cashel and when near famine conditions were approaching as a result of O’Brien’s pillaging, the Confederate Supreme Council replaced Donagh MacCarthy, Viscount Muskerry, as commander of the Munster army with Viscount Taafe and ordered him to bring O’Brien to battle.

Taafe was an English Catholic and not an experienced soldier. Moreover, although he had an excellent contingent of veteran troops under Alasdair MacColla, most of his men were similarly inexperienced. Furthermore, the Irish troops were demoralised by the internal factionalism in their ranks and most of them had little loyalty to Taafe. O’Brien, on the other hand, had been commanding his force since 1642 and was well tried in battle. His troops were a mixture of well trained Parliamentarian soldiers shipped from England and British settlers who had been driven from their homes in the Irish Rebellion of 1641. The two armies met at Knocknanauss, near Mallow in County Cork in November 1647.

The battle

The battle that followed was essentially an uncoordinated rout of the Irish forces. Taafe positioned his men on either side of a hill, so that they could not see one another. The result was that one wing of the Confederate army had no idea of what the other wing was doing. MacColla’s men charged the Parliamentarians opposite them putting them to flight and killing a large number of them. Thinking the battle was over, they then took to looting the enemies baggage train.

However, on the other wing, O’Brien’s cavalry had charged the raw Irish horsemen, causing them to run away. Despite Taafe’s desperate attempt to rally them, the Irish infantry followed suit, many of them being cut down by the pursuing roundheads. The pursuit continued for miles and not only resulted in heavy causalties among the Irish, but also in the loss of most of their equipment and supplies. MacColla and his men, surrendered when they realised what had happened but were subsequently killed by their captors. Around 3,000 Confederates died at Knocknanauss, and up to 1,000 English Parliamentarians. The carnage did not stop after the fighting was finished: The next day a couple of hundred Irish soldiers were found sheltering in a nearby wood. These were promptly put to the sword.

Outcome

When combined with the battle of Dungans Hill in County Meath, the defeat led to the collapse of the Confederate Catholic cause and forced them to make a deal with the English Royalists.

ee also

*Irish Confederate Wars
*Confederate Ireland
*Irish battles

Notes

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ources

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