Computer-assisted reporting

Computer-assisted reporting

Computer-assisted reporting describes the use of computers to gather and analyze the data necessary to write news stories.

The spread of computers, software and the Internet changed how reporters work. Reporters routinely collect information in databases, analyze public records with spreadsheets and statistical programs, study political and demographic change with geographic information system mapping, conduct interviews by e-mail, and research background for articles on the Web.

Collectively this has become known as computer-assisted reporting, or CAR. It is closely tied to "precision" or analytic journalism, which refer specifically to the use of techniques of the social sciences and other disciplines by journalists.

Contents

History and development

One researcher argues the "age of computer-assisted reporting" began in 1952, when CBS television used a UNIVAC I computer to analyze returns from the U.S. presidential election.[1] One of the earliest examples came in 1967, after riots in Detroit, when Philip Meyer of the Detroit Free Press used a mainframe computer to show that people who had attended college were equally likely to have rioted as were high school dropouts.[2]

Since the 1950s, computer-assisted developed to the point that databases became central to the journalist's work by the 1980s. In his book, Precision Journalism, the first edition of which was written in 1969, Philip Meyer argues that a journalist must make use of databases and surveys, both computer-assisted. In the 2002 edition, he goes even further and states that "a journalist has to be a database manager".[3]

In 2001, computers had reached a critical mass in American newsrooms in terms of general computer use, online research, non-specialist content searching, and daily frequency of online use[4], showing that CAR has become ubiquitous in the United States.

Tools and techniques

The techniques expanded from polling and surveying to a new opportunity for journalists: using the computer to analyze huge volumes of government records. The first example of this type may have been Clarence Jones of The Miami Herald, who in 1969 worked with a computer to find patterns in the criminal justice system. Other notable early practitioners included David Burnham of The New York Times, who in 1972 used a computer to expose discrepancies in crime rates reported by the police; Elliot Jaspin of The Providence Journal, who in 1986 matched databases to expose school bus drivers with bad driving histories and criminal records; and Bill Dedman of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, who received the Pulitzer Prize for his 1988 investigation, The Color of Money, which dealt with mortgage lending discrimination and redlining in middle-income black neighborhoods.[1]

Professional organizations

In the last 15 years, journalism organizations such as the National Institute for Computer-Assisted Reporting (NICAR, a program of Investigative Reporters and Editors) and the Danish International Center for Analytical Reporting (DICAR), have been created solely to promote the use of CAR in newsgathering. Many other organizations, such as the Society of Professional Journalists, the Canadian Association of Journalists and the University of King's College in Halifax, Nova Scotia, offer CAR training or workshops. Journalists have also created mailing lists to share ideas about CAR, including NICAR-L, CARR-L and JAGIS-L.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Melisma Cox , The development of computer-assisted reporting, paper presented to the Newspaper Division, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Southeast Colloquium, March 17–18, 2000, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
  2. ^ Bowen, Ezra (1986-07-07). "New Paths to Buried Treasure; Computers are revolutionizing investigative journalism". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961680-1,00.html. 
  3. ^ Philip Meyer, Precision Journalism, p.1, Rowman & Littlefield , 2002.
  4. ^ Bruce Garrison, 2001. Diffusion of online information technologies in newspaper newsrooms, Journalism, volume 2, pp. 221-239.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Computer Assisted Web Interview — Eine Online Umfrage ist eine internetbasierte Befragungs Methode in der empirischen Sozial , Markt und Meinungsforschung. Im Gegensatz zu einem gedruckten Fragebogen wird ein Online Fragebogen im Internet Browser ausgefüllt. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Computer-assisted dispatch — The central idea is that persons in a dispatch center are able to easily view and understand the status of all units being dispatched. CAD provides displays and tools so that the dispatcher has an opportunity to handle calls for service as… …   Wikipedia

  • Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System — The Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (often abbreviated CAPPS) is a counter terrorism system in place in the United States air travel industry. The United States Transportation Security Administration (TSA) maintains a watchlist,… …   Wikipedia

  • Computer-aided — or computer assisted is a prefix that hints to the use of a computer as an indispensable tool in a certain field, usually derived from more traditional fields of science and engineering. Instead of the prefix computer aided or computer assisted,… …   Wikipedia

  • Computer-aided audit tools — Computer assisted audit techniques or computer aided audit tools (CAATS), also known as computer assisted audit tools and techniques (CAATTs), is a growing field within the financial audit profession. CAATTs is the practice of using computers to… …   Wikipedia

  • Computer Aided Audit Tools — Computer Assisted Audit Techniques or Computer Aided Audit Tools (CAATS), also known as Computer Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques (CAATTs), is a growing field within the Financial audit profession. CAATTs is the practice of using computers to… …   Wikipedia

  • Computer-aided dispatch — The CAD system of a fire department on a busy day. The line at the bottom is about to be dispatched. (Note:addresses have been changed for privacy reasons.) Computer assisted dispatch, also called Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD), is a method of… …   Wikipedia

  • Computer security — This article is about computer security through design and engineering. For computer security exploits and defenses, see computer insecurity. Computer security Secure operating systems Security architecture Security by design Secure coding …   Wikipedia

  • Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System — Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (or ACARS) is a digital datalink system for transmission of small messages between aircraft and ground stations via radio or satellite. The protocol, which was designed by ARINC to replace… …   Wikipedia

  • Datajournalism — is a portmanteau word describing a trend in journalism and information management. It designates the increased amount of numerical data used in the production and distribution of information and the interaction between content producers… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”