Courier 1B

Courier 1B
Courier 1B
Courier-1A.jpg
Courier 1 satellite
Operator United States Air Force
Launch date 4 October 1960
Carrier rocket Thor DM-21 Ablestar
Launch site Cape Canaveral LC-17B
Mission duration 17 days (achieved)
Mass 230 kilograms (510 lb)
Orbital elements
Regime Low Earth
Eccentricity 0.0165358
Inclination 28.3°
Apoapsis 1,214 kilometres (754 mi)
Periapsis 967 kilometres (601 mi)
Orbital period 107.1 minutes

Courier 1B was the world's first active repeater satellite after launch on 4 October 1960. Courier was built by the Palo Alto, California–based Western Development Labs (WDL) division of Philco, previously known as Army Fort Monmouth Laboratories and now the Space Systems/Loral division of Loral Space & Communications.

Proposed by the U.S. Army Signal Corps in September 1958, Courier was a follow-on to Project SCORE launched in 1958. The first satellite in the series, Courier 1A, was lost in a launch failure 2.5 minutes after liftoff. Courier used approximately 19,000 solar cells and was the first satellite to use nickel–cadmium storage batteries. It had an effective message transmission rate of 55,000 bits per second.

After completing its first orbit, a message from US President Dwight Eisenhower to the United Nations was transmitted from the Deal Test Site, an off-base transmission facility of Fort Monmouth, New Jersey and relayed to a ground station in Puerto Rico.

After 228 orbits in 17 days, the payload failed to respond to commands from the ground. It was believed that the clock-based access codes got out of synchronization and the satellite would not respond to what it interpreted as unauthorized commands.

See also

External links


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