Daewoo Kalos

Infobox Automobile


name = Daewoo Kalos
manufacturer = GM Daewoo, FSO
class = Subcompact
aka=Chevrolet Aveo Holden Barina
production = 2003-present
predecessor = Daewoo Lanos
Chevrolet Metro
Pontiac Firefly
Holden Barina (XC)
body_style = 3-door hatchback
5-door hatchback
4-door sedan
parent_company = General Motors
layout = FF layout
transmission = 4-speed automatic
5-speed manual
Designer = Italdesign

The Daewoo Kalos is a subcompact automobile manufactured by GM Daewoo (the South Korean subsidiary of General Motors) introduced in 2002 and marketed globally in 120 countries — prominently as the Chevrolet Aveo [cite web | date = 2007-08-01 | url = http://media.gm.com/us/chevrolet/en/product_services/r_cars/r_c_aveo/index.html | title = 2008 Chevrolet Aveo sedan & Aveo5 | publisher = General Motors | accessdate = 2008-01-25 ] "(ah-VAY-o)". [cite web | url= http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/wagons/0403_chevrolet_aveo/index.html| title= Chevrolet Aveo| work= Automobile Magazine ]

Marketed worldwide under five GM brands and eleven different nameplates, the Kalos vehicles have evolved through two re-stylings in the car's first generation and have featured three body styles and five engine configurations — all built on a dedicated platform shared with no other vehicles. The two styling iterations are called T200 and T250 — deriving from the internal coding used by first Daewoo and then GM Daewoo during the car's development.

The nameplate "Kalos" derives from the Greek word kalos (καλός) for "beautiful". [cite web | year = 2002 | month = July | url = http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/carreviews/firstdrives/27945/daewoo_kalos.html | title = Daewoo Kalos | publisher = Dennis Publishing | accessdate = 2008-01-25 ]

First generation (T200)

Infobox Automobile generation
name = T200


production = 2002-2008
assembly = Bupyong, South Korea
Zaporizhia, Ukraine
Shanghai, China
Bogotá, Colombia
Quito, Ecuador
aka = Chevrolet Aveo
Chevrolet Kalos
Holden Barina (TK)
Pontiac Wave
Suzuki Swift+
GM Daewoo Kalos
platform = T200
wheelbase = auto mm|2480
length = auto mm|3880 (hatch)
auto mm|4235 (sedan)
width = auto mm|1670
height = auto mm|1485
engine = auto L|1.2, auto L|1.4, auto L|1.5, auto L|1.6 I4
fuel_capacity = Convert|45|L|usgal impgal|1|abbr=on
designer = Italdesign Giugiaro

The original Daewoo Kalos was introduced in 2002, based on a then-new Daewoo platform named "T200", replacing the Daewoo Lanos ("T100"). Under development before Daewoo's bankruptcy, the Kalos was the company's first new model introduction following its subsequent takeover by General Motors.cite web | last = AlKhalisi | first = Farah | url = http://www.channel4.com/4car/road-tests/D/daewoo/kalos02-/kalos02--intro.html?noforward=true | title = Road Test: Daewoo Kalos (2002-2005) | publisher = Channel 4 | accessdate = 2008-01-25] Manufacture of the Kalos began in early March, 2002 cite web| url = http://www.fastlane.com.au/News_Daewoo/Kalos_preprod.htm| title = Kalos looks the goods in pre-production] , with pre-production prototypes shown at the Geneva Auto Show in April, 2002.

Conception

Originally designed by Italdesign Giugiaro, the Kalos derives directly from the Kalos Dream concept vehicle first presented at the 2000 Paris Motor Show and subsequent developmental concepts at the 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show, 2002 Geneva Auto Show, and 2003 at the Geneva Show. [http://archive.cardesignnews.com/autoshows/2001/frankfurt/features/daewoo-kalos/index.html ("Kalos Dream" photos)] During this three-year development period Daewoo was struggling financially, with the ultimate fate of the company and the concept vehicle remaining uncertain.

Upon introduction the initial European models carried an emblem reading "Design Giugiaro." Referring to his firm's design of the Kalos, Giorgetto Giugiaro said:

The T200 sedans and hatchbacks featured a swage line running along the lower body to the rear door, which kinks downward prominently on the hatchback. 5-door hatchbacks also feature a side window in the C/D pillar with a distinctively angled lower edge. Interiors feature a circular motif throughout. North American Chevrolet Aveo, Canadian Pontiac Wave and Suzuki Swift+ and Australian Holden Barina variants featured the same grille with slight differences; European versions and some Latin American versions featured a wider grille with larger slanted headlights.

Design development

Daewoo's now disbanded Worthing Technical Centre in the UK conducted the initial research and platform engineering, with Daewoo's main Technical Center in Bupyong, Incheon, South Korea completing the majority of the later development programme. Daewoo engineers refined the chassis in Britain, on the proving ground at MIRA near Nuneaton, UK. Long-term testing covered nearly 2.2 million kilometers (1.4 million miles) with further testing outside South Korea on test sites in Arjeplog, Sweden; Granada and Idiada, Spain; Kapuskasing, Canada and Beijing, China.Cite web|url=http://media.gm.com/kr/daewoo/en/news/2002/090002_kalos_long.html|title=Market and model -- Good Prospects for the Kalos in a Growing Segment]

According to an April, 2003 GMDAT press release, Daewoo built 119 prototypes during the Kalos's design and development, crashing 31 for research and data-gathering purposes,Cite web|url=http://www.gmdaewoo.co.kr/eng01/news/news02_view.jsp?idxno=20&search=&type=1&nowpage=19|title=Kalos mini-car marks fresh start for GM-Daewoo] and manufacturing 39 pilot production vehicles to verify standards and quality.

The body's sheet metal panel gaps were kept to Auto mm|3|1 and all but the roof panel were galvanized steel. 46% of the Kalos' underlying structural components were produced with high-strength steel, with tailor-welded blanks used in the production of the vehicle to put strength where needed while saving weight.

The front suspension used MacPherson struts with offset coil springs and a stabilizer bar, while the rear featured a semi-independent torsion beam axle.

Body and packaging

The Kalos was sold in three available body styles: a 4-door sedan and 5-door hatchback from the beginning of production in 2002, and a 3-door hatchback available in certain European markets beginning in 2005. All body styles meet North American subcompact and European supermini or B-segment size classifications.

All Kalos iterations featured high H-point seating within a relatively narrow, short and high-roofed body that combined a long wheelbase with short front (convert|81|cm|in|abbr=on|disp=s) and rear (convert|49|cm|in|abbr=on|disp=s, hatchback) overhangs to maximize the outward visibility, interior space and maneuverability relative to the vehicle's footprint. Rear seat H-points are higher in all body types, giving the car theatre seating.

Per the German VDA standard, 5-door hatchbacks featured convert|175|L|cuft of cargo space with the rear seats in their upright positions and convert|735|L|cuft|lk=on with the rear seats folded down, with a maximum payload rating of Auto kg|495|0. Per EPA ratings the 5-door hatchbacks featured cargo volume of convert|11.7|cuft|L (rear seats up) to convert|42|cuft|L|abbr=on (rear seats down), with convert|7.1|cuft|L|abbr=on available in the sedan.

The interior volume was convert|102.7|L|cuft|abbr=on (5-door) and convert|107.4|L|cuft|abbr=on (sedan) according to the EPA, meeting the minimum criterion for a compact vehicle despite being marketed as a sub-compact. Headroom was unmatched in its class at the time of its introduction.

The body featured a drag coefficient of 0.35, with a frontal area of convert|2.16|m2|sqft|abbr=on giving aerodynamic resistance of convert|00.74|m2|sqft|abbr=on.automatic to behave like a three speed manual: that is, it 'holds' the transmission in the gear which is selected. Useful for engine braking down long grades.
* Kalos models and their variants are marketed as entry-level vehicles in various trim levels globally with options unusual at entry-level: including AM/FM/CD/MP3 audio, steering wheel mounted radio controls, power locks and windows, remote keyless entry, and heated sideview mirrors and power sunroof.
* Common equipment includes tilt steering column, six-way adjustable driver seat, rear-window defroster, remote fuel door and a 60/40 split-bench folding rear seat. The instrument panel includes a tachometer, speedometer, odometer, trip odometer, fuel gauge, coolant temperature gauge and lighting dimmer control. The IP also has a center storage tray, lighter, extra 12-volt outlet, digital quartz clock and lighted glove box.

afety

The Kalos models have been tested in at least four international New Car Assessment Programs, the results reflecting varying equipment [http://www.safecarguide.com/exp/euroncap/euroncap.htm and the differences in the tests themselves.] Based on market priorities and price point control, some safety equipment is either unavailable or available only as extra-cost options (including side airbags, ABS, foglights and a rear center position three-point seatbelts and headrests.)

Korea: models received four stars for both driver and front-seat passenger in crash tests conducted by the Korean Automobile Test and Research Institute (KATRI).ANCAP, a rating that is lower than the previous European-built, Opel-based Barina had scored,Cite web|url=http://www.ltsa.govt.nz/vehicles/ancap/holden/barina-2005.html|title=Holden Barina ANCAP ratings] Notably, the Australian Barina models do not feature the front-seat mounted side airbags offered in other markets (e.g., USA), nor are the ANCAP ratings directly comparable to the ratings of other NCAP programs.
* See Also: Holden Barina Safety
* See Also: [http://www.landtransport.govt.nz/vehicles/ancap/holden/barina-2005.html ANCAP Results, Holden Barina, 2005-on]

United States: US Aveo models received a IIHS crash offset rating of "acceptable" as well as these NHTSA's New Car Assessment Program (www.safercar.gov) ratings:
* Passenger: rating|5|5
* Driver: rating|5|5
* Side Impact Front: rating|4|5
* Side Impact Rear: rating|4|5
* Rollover Rating: rating|4|5

US Aveo safety features include available four-channel, four-sensor ABS system with electronic brake force distribution (EBD), and front (dual-stage) and side air bags with a passenger-sensing system. Beginning with 2008, Aveo standard equipment includes a tire pressure monitoring system.

Engines

S-TEC
* SOHC I4 - South Korea, Europe, India

E-TEC II
* SOHC I4 - Europe
* DOHC I4 - Europe, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, India, Philippines
* SOHC I4 - South Korea, Europe, South Africa, Philippines
* SOHC I4 - Ukraine
* DOHC I4 - North America, Venezuela, Australia, China, India

Concept vehicles

* Aveo Xtreme: Introduced at Auto Shanghai 2005, the Aveo Xtreme featured custom fenders, spoilers and rocker panels, lowered suspension, and a bold green paint scheme. While essentially a styling exercise targeted at young Tuners, the Xtreme included a Pioneer AVHP 6500 AM/FM stereo with CD, DVD and MP3 playback, along with XM Satellite Radio, 7-inch touch screen and a integrated PlayStation 2 game system.Beat, Groove, and Trax: Originally showcased at the 2007 New York International Auto Showcite web |url=http://media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http://image.emerald.gm.com/gmnews/viewmonthlyreleasedetail.do?domain=74&docid=34966 |title=Size Does not Matter: Three Chevrolet Global Minicar Concepts Pack A Lot Of Personality And Style Per Mile] cite web |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2007/04/04/new-york-auto-show-chevy-debuts-the-beat-groove-and-trax-conce/ |title=Chevy debuts the Beat, Groove and Trax mini car concepts] these three concept vehicles each highlighted a different direction the Kalos platform might develop. At the 2007 Los Angeles Auto Show, General Motors announced the Beat will go into production for the world market, although not immediately in the United States.Cite web|url=http://news.windingroad.com/aftermarket/shanghai-auto-show-chevrolet-aveo-iron-man-edition/| title=Shanghai Auto Show: Chevrolet Aveo “Iron Man Edition”| work= www.Windingroad.com] Cite web|url=http://jalopnik.com/cars/concept-cars/beijing-bowtie-tricked-out-aveo-at-china-show-216372.php| title=Beijing Bowtie: Tricked out Aveo at China Show| work= www.Jalopnik.com]

econd generation (T250)

Infobox Automobile generation
name = T250


production = 2006-present
aka = Chevrolet Aveo
Chevrolet Lova
Daewoo Gentra X
Holden Barina (TK)
Pontiac G3
Pontiac Wave
platform = T250
fuel_capacity = Convert|45|L|usgal impgal|1|abbr=on
engine = Auto L|1.2, Auto L|1.4, Auto L|1.5, Auto L|1.6 I4
wheelbase = auto mm|2480
assembly = Bupyong, South Korea
Warsaw, Poland
Zaporizhia, Ukraine
Bogota, Colombia
Shanghai, China
San Luis Potosí, Mexico (San Luis Potosí Assembly)
length = Sedan: auto mm|4310
Hatchback: Auto in|155.0|0
G3 Wave Hatchback: Auto in|154.3|0
width = Sedan: auto mm|1710
Hatchback: Auto in|66.1|0
height = Sedan: auto mm|1495
Hatchback: Auto in|59.3|0

GM introduced a revised sedan at Auto Shanghai 2005, designed in cooperation with PATAC. Bearing the internal code T250 and sold in South Korea as Daewoo Gentra, the revision comprised primarily interior and exterior styling changes, a new interior IP (instrument panel) and minor equipment changes, including increased sound deadening.Cite web|url=http://www.topspeed.com/cars/chevrolet/2007-chevrolet-aveo-ar12542.html|title=Topspeed: 2007 Chevrolet Aveo] Incorporation of the radio antenna into the rear glass and extensive wind tunnel testing helped reduce the coefficient of drag from 0.348 to 0.326.

A restyled hatchback with the sedan's updated IP (instrument panel) was presented as the Chevrolet Aveo during the Frankfurt Motor Show 2007, to be marketed in Europe and North America. The Korean market received its own distinct restyle of the hatchback, the Gentra X.

Later iterations, including the Kalos, Aveo, Barina and Gentra sedans, the Gentra X hatchback and the 2007 "Frankfurt Show" hatchbacks were styled in-house and with the assistance of PATAC -- and depart notably from the original Giugiaro exterior and interior styling designs.

With launching Gentra X in South Korea, GMDAT had replaced engines of T250. 1.2 L S-TEC II engine had updated with features such as double overhead camshaft (DOHC) and timing chain (older version has timing chain) system. 1.6 L E-TEC II engine had replaced with ECOTEC (GEN-III) engine with new features such as variable valve timing mechanism.

afety

The T250 model has been tested by the European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) [ [http://www.euroncap.com/tests/chevrolet_aveo_2006/250.aspx EuroNCAP crash test results for the 2006 Chevrolet Aveo] ] :
* Adult Occupant: rating|2|5, score 3, with a struck out star due to (EuroNCAP words) "an unacceptably high risk of life-threatening injury".
* Child Occupant: rating|4|5, score 39
* Pedestrian: rating|3|4, score 19

Future vehicle

Edmunds reported the next-generation Chevrolet Aveo is due in mid-to-late 2010 as 2011 model. The car would use the Gamma 2 global subcompact platform, which would also power next-generation Opel Corsa and Chevrolet Beat. [ [http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=130072 IL Insider: Pontiac Says No G3 for the States - Yet] ]

Awards

* 'Best Car for the Bucks' from forbes.comCite web|url=http://wheelspeak.indiaautomobile.com/?p=7|title=Market and model -- Chevy gets better — Aveo U-VA]
* 'Inter-American Car of the Year,' Inter-American Federation of Automotive Journalists
* 'Most Well-Received Small Car,' News Express and Sino Trust
* 'Most Influential Car of the Year,' China Mainstream Media Association
* ‘Car of the Year-2006,' Business Standard Motoring
* NDTV Profit Car India Awards 2007,Small Car of the Year, Chevrolet Aveo U-VA, NDTV Profit, India's leading business news channel, in association with Car India and Bike India.
* The Aveo sedans and Aveo5 placed 12th and 8th respectively in Consumer Reports 2007 Least satisfying Cars, with 44% of owners expressing inclined to buy again.Daniel Henny. In October 2007, the Kalos hatchback adopted the T250 underpinnings and was renamed Gentra X.

North America

The T200 models were introduced to the US and Canada 2004 models at the 2003 (February) Chicago Auto Show as the Chevrolet Aveo. The US 5-door and 4-door models went on sale in November 2003,cite web | url= http://www.boston.com/cars/news/articles/2006/11/19/market_for_subcompact_cars_grows_as_styling_features_safety_improve/| title= Market for subcompact cars grows as styling, features, safety improve| work= The Boston Globe ]

The T250 sedan debuted in January 2006 as the 2007 Chevrolet Aveo at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show. Sales commenced in North America in August 2006. The Aveo 5-door hatchback has been marketed as the "Aveo5" in Canada since its inception and in the US beginning with model year 2007. The models are sold as Pontiac Wave (4-door and 5-door, since the 2005 model year) and Suzuki Swift+ (5-door) in Canada. The T200 Wave sedan was replaced for the 2007 model year with the T250, coinciding with the release of the 2007 T250 Aveo. For the 2009 model year, Pontiac Wave was renamed to Pontiac G3 Wave in Canada. In the United States, Pontiac will sell the 5-door hatchback as the Pontiac G3 starting in the spring of 2009. [ [http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=131987 Unveiled: 2009 Pontiac G3 ] ]

US model year changes

2005: Sidemarker lights change from orange to clear.

2006: Rear Spoiler changes from "hugger" style to pedestal style spoiler with several inches of clearance from body.

2007: Sedans were redesigned. Deleted: 4-door SVM equipment group, Aveo5 LT model. New Features: 6-disc in-dash CD player and MP3 playback audio system, restyled 4-Door Model, new neutral interior in clot and leatherette, steering wheel mounted audio controls, aux input jacks on all 4-door and LS radios, sedan instrument panel and door accents in wood appearance, metallic grain appearance or silver appearance trim on LS and LT models, manual lumbar adjuster on driver seat, driver seat armrest, back glass antenna on 4-door models. Changes: power outside mirrors now on both driver and passenger, Aveo 5-Door models are called Aveo5. Available Spring Edition in Maui Blue (metallic), with alloy wheels, power windows, power moonroof, upgraded stereo with auxiliary input, keyless remote access, power door locks, foglamps and interior silver accents.

2009: Hatchbacks were redesigned. T250 2008.5 Aveo and sedan, Deleted: 15" 5-spoke aluminum wheels, E-TEC II 1.6L engine, Carbon fiber appearance accents. New: new exterior and interior design, Charcoal Perforated Leatherette seating surfaces, OnStar and standard on all models, available XM Satellite Radio, available Leather-wrapped steering wheel wand shift knob are now included with perforated leatherette seating surface option, Driver Information Center with outside temperature display and fuel economy/driving range function, new 15" 5-spoke aluminum wheels, GM Oil Life Monitoring System , ECOTEC 1.6L DOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder MFI engine with Variable Valve Timing and Dual Continuous Variable Cam Phasing (107 hp @ 6400 rpm, convert|106|ft.lbf|N.m|abbr=on of torque @ 3800 rpm), 5-speed manual transmission to include shift indicator light. Changes: New good-better-best packaging strategy labeled as 1LS, 1LT and 2LT. Power Package called Power and Convenience Package, aux input included on all radios, front wipers variable intermittent, front doors, driver and front passenger seatback map pockets on all models, Alternator 95 amps. Deletions, Additions and Changes per GM's public online order guide.

US stop delivery order

In February 2004 GM issued a "stop delivery" order, to investigate five accidents that occurred in a tight time frame just as the Aveo was introduced to the US market. The order was lifted shortly thereafter, after an investigation revealed no connection among the accidents.Cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/aw/search/search_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=2061066|title=Critique: An American Evolution] and featuring the song Magic Carpet Ride by Steppenwolf. The advertisement was titled "An American Revolution, Car Carrier" and featured six yet to be introduced cars and trucks boarding a car carrier as it traversed the United States. It featured the Aveo descending the Twin Peaks of San Francisco and making an airborne leap highly reminiscent of Steve McQueen's Ford Mustang in the movie Bullitt, before boarding the car carrier.

Two other fifteen second TV ads also created by the firm of Campbell-Ewald Mexico

In Mexico, the T200 is not sold, but the T250 sedan is sold as Pontiac G3 and Chevrolet Aveo. The Automotive News reported in October 2007 that GM would begin producing the Aveo model at the new San Luis Potosí Assembly plant in Mexico (convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=s northwest of México City) when the plant is complete in June 2009.rebadged the Chevrolet Kalos, coinciding with the introduction of the 3-door. The new T250 sedan is marketed as the Chevrolet Aveo, replacing the Kalos sedan in 2006. A revised hatchback was introduced in the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show, to go on sale in early 2008 as the Aveo -- replacing the Kalos.

Central and Eastern Europe

The T200 was sold as Chevrolet Aveo from its introduction in 2003. The T250 has replaced the T200 sedan in 2006, retaining the same name. Versions sold in this region had 1.4 L engines, and were available as both five-door hatchback and four-door sedan.

It was announced in November 2007 that FSO in Warsaw, Poland, would begin assembling the Aveo under a joint venture between GM and FSO's owner, the Ukrainian company UkrAVTO. GM plans to produce 70,000 Aveos at FSO during 2008, with production rising to 100,000 in 2009. Cite web|url=http://rawstory.com/news/afp/In_EU_first_GM_launches_Chevrolet_p_11062007.html|title=In EU first, GM launches Chevrolet production in Poland ]

Australia and New Zealand

The T200 model was available as the Daewoo Kalos before Daewoo's Australian operations ceased at the end of 2004 and was absent from the Australian market until re-introduced in December 2005 as the TK Holden Barina (3-door and 5-door). The TK Barina replaced the previous XC Barina, which was an imported and rebadged European Opel Corsa. The T250 sedan was introduced in February 2006, and both the T200 and T250 models are sold together as the Barina lineup. The switch from the Opel-sourced Corsa was criticized, given the Kalos' lower ANCAP safety performance. The T250 hatchback, both 3-door and 5-door, was introduced in August 2008.

Other markets

Indonesia: The T200 is sold as Chevrolet Aveo in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines (5-door only), as well as South Africa and China (5-door and 4-door).

China The T250 sedan is sold as Chevrolet Lova in China.

India The T250 was launched in India in 2006 as Chevrolet Aveo along with the slogan "An Indian Revolution", referencing Chevrolet's An American Revolution ad campaign. The T200 hatchback has been sold in India since December 2006 as the Chevrolet Aveo U-VA. A taxi called Chevytaxi is based on the T200 sedan.

Assembly plants

Most Kalos/Aveos are assembled in the Bupyong plant in South Korea. In Ukraine, Russia and Venezuela, local versions of the Aveo are assembled from complete knock down kits. For the Chinese market, Aveos and Lovas are manufactured by Shanghai GM Dongyue. In India, Aveos are assembled from Halol Plant. Also in Egypt GM assembly plant started in August 2007 producing the Aveo locally in 3 variants.

Beginning in August 2008, Chevrolet Aveos are also produced at the new General Motors San Luis Potosí plant located in Mexico. [Cite web|url=http://www.automotiveworld.com/WAM/content.asp?contentid=70156 | title=Mexico: GM builds first Chevrolet Aveo at new San Luis Potosi plant, Glenn Brooks, Automotive World]

References

External links

* [http://www.chevrolet.com/aveo/ Chevrolet Aveo United States official site]
* [http://www.gmcanada.com/english/vehicles/chevrolet/aveo/index.jsp Chevrolet Aveo Canada official site]
* [http://www.g3.com.mx/ Pontiac G3 Mexico official site]
* [http://www.gm.co.in/content_data/AP/IN/en/GBPIN/001/BRANDSITE/aveosedan.html Chevrolet Aveo India official site]
* [http://www.holden.com.au/www-holden/action/vehicleentry?vehicleid=1 Holden Barina Australia official site]
* [http://www.aveoclub.net/ Aveoclub.net enthusiast's site]
* [http://www.newcarzoom.com/2008/chevrolet/aveo.htm An automotive journalist's review of the 2008 Aveo]