Archie Clement

Archie Clement a.k.a "Little Arch" (1845–December 13,1866) was a pro-Confederate guerrilla leader in the American Civil War, known for his brutality towards Union soldiers and pro-Union civilians in Missouri.

Little Archie, the bushwhacker

Clement was born and raised in Johnson County, Missouri, near the town of Kingsville. A Confederate "bushwhacker" or guerrilla during the Civil War, he rose to notoriety in 1864 as a lieutenant of William T. Anderson. Clement soon became known as Bloody Bill's most trusted follower—or, in the words of an enemy, "Bill Anderson's scalper and head devil." Standing just over five feet tall and weighing about 130 pounds, Clement's youth and slight stature belied his ferocity. [T.J. Stiles, "Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War" (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002), 151.]

Clement took a prominent role in all of the major operations of Anderson's organization in 1864, including the Centralia Massacre, where the guerrillas blocked the tracks of the Northern Missouri Railroad and forced a train to stop. They then robbed the civilian passengers and killed 22 Union soldiers found on board, returning home on furlough from the Atlanta campaign. Anderson left one Union sergeant alive for a possible prisoner exchange. The guerrillas shot the rest, and scalped and otherwise mutilated the corpses. [Stiles, 111-27.]

Following Anderson's death in an ambush by Union militia on October 27, 1864, Clement took command, continuing to fight into the next year. Following the surrender of General Robert E. Lee's army in Virginia, Clement continued to fight, even demanding the surrender of the Missouri town of Lexington. Though some comrades, including Dave Pool, surrendered, Clement and Jesse James remained under arms. On May 15, 1865, Clement and James encountered a Union cavalry patrol; a skirmish ensued in which James was severely wounded. [Stiles, 153-6.]

Clement, the outlaw leader

Beginning in 1866, Clement led his supporters into a new profession: bank robbery, especially of banks associated with Missouri Unionists. On February 13, a group of gunmen carried out the first daylight, peacetime, armed bank robbery in U.S. history, when they held up the Clay County Savings Association in Liberty, Missouri, stealing more than $58,000 in cash and bonds. The bank was owned and operated by former Union militia officers, who recently had conducted the first Republican Party rally in Clay County's history. The state authorities suspected Archie Clement of leading the raid and offered a reward for his capture. In later years, the list of suspects would grow to include Frank James, Cole Younger, John Jarrette, Oliver Shepard, Bud and Donny Pence, Frank Gregg, Bill and James Wilkerson, Joab Perry, Ben Cooper, Red Mankus and Allen Parmer (who later married Susan James, Frank and Jesse's sister). During the escape through the streets of Liberty, one of the gang shot dead an innocent bystander George Wymore. [Stiles, 167-75.] A string of robberies followed, many linked to Clement's gang. The hold-up most clearly linked to them was of Alexander Mitchell and Company in Lexington, Missouri, on October 30,1866, in which they stole $2,000.

Death

As the pivotal election of 1866 approached, political violence flared across Missouri. Much of it was associated with Clement, who harassed the Republican authorities who governed Missouri. On election day in November 1866, Clement led a group of some 100 former bushwhackers into the town of Lexington. Their gunfire and intimidation led to the defeat of the Republican Party in the election. In response, Governor Thomas C. Fletcher dispatched a platoon of state militia, led by Major Bacon Montgomery. Clement withdrew, only to return on December 13, 1866. Seeking to avoid a major battle in the center of town, Montgomery allowed Clement to enroll his men in the state militia (as a joke, it seems); after the bushwhackers left, Clement went to the bar of the City Hotel for a drink.

Seeing his opportunity, Montgomery dispatched a few men to apprehend Clement, who was wanted on a warrant for the Liberty robbery. Clement drew his revolvers and a wild gunfight ensued. Shooting his way outside, he mounted his horse and galloped up the street, only to be riddled with bullets by the rest of the militia detachment, who were waiting with rifles loaded at the court house. Montgomery and his men approached the fallen bushwhacker, who, though mortally wounded, was trying to cock his revolver with his teeth. One of soldiers asked, "Arch, you are dying. What do you want me to do with you?" Clement replied, "I've done what I always said I would do ... die before I'd surrender." [Stiles, 182-7.]

After Clement's death, his organization continued to rob and be pursued by government troops. Out of this group rose Jesse James, who first achieved notoriety three years later.

References

External links

* [http://www.tjstiles.net/bio.htm Website for biographer T. J. Stiles, with newspaper reports of Clement's death and first-person account of the Clay County Savings Association robbery]
* [http://www.rulen.com/partisan/3rangers.htm Photo of Archie Clement]
* [http://www.rulen.com/partisan/archie.htm Clement on the Missouri Partisan Ranger]

ources

* Edward E. Leslie,"The Devil Knows How to Ride: The True Story of William Clarke Quantrill and His Confederate Raiders"
*Yeatman, Ted P.: "Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend", Cumberland House, 2001
*Stiles, T.J.: "Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War", Alfred A. Knopf, 2002