Cathedral of Saint Sava

Infobox religious building
building_name=Temple of Saint Sava Храм светог Саве

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location=Belgrade, Serbia
geo= coord|44|47.885|N|020|28.113|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title
religious_affiliation=Serbian Orthodoxy
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website=http://www.hramsvetogsave.com/
architect=Aleksandar Deroko
architecture_type=Serbo-Byzantine / Neo-Byzantine
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capacity=10,800
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materials=The Temple of Saint Sava (Serbian: Храм светог Саве or "Hram svetog Save") is the largest Orthodox church in the world, situated in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The church is dedicated to Saint Sava, founder of the Serbian Orthodox Church and an important figure in medieval Serbia. It is built on the Vračar plateau, on the location where his remains are thought to have been burned in 1595 by the Ottoman Empire's Sinan Pasha. From its location, it dominates Belgrade's cityscape, and is perhaps the most monumental building in the city. The building of the church structure is being financed exclusively by donations. The parish home is nearby, as will be the planned patriarchal building.

Architecture

It finishes Belgrade's line Kalemegdan - Trg Republike - Terazije - Beograđanka - Slavija - Temple of Saint Sava. The dome is 70m high, while the main gold plated cross is another 12 m high, which gives a total of 82 m to the height Cathedral of Saint Sava. The peak is 134 m (439.6 ft) above the sea level (64 m [210 ft] above the Sava river); therefore the church holds a dominant position in Belgrade's cityscape and is visible from all approaches to the city. The church is 91 m (298.5 ft) long from east to west, and 81 m (265.7 ft) from north to south. It is 70 m (229.65 ft) tall, with the main gold-plated cross extending for 12 more metres (39.4 ft). Its domes have 18 more gold-plated crosses of various sizes, while the bell towers have 49 bells.

It has a surface area of 3,500 square metres on the ground floor, with three galleries of 1,500 m² on the first level, and a 120 m² gallery on the second level. The Cathedral can receive 10,000 faithful at any one time. The choir gallery seats 800 singers. The basement contains a crypt, the treasury of Saint Sava, and the grave church of Saint Lazar the Hieromartyr, with a total surface of 1.800 m².

The facade is in white marble and granite and, when finished, the inner decorations will be of mosaics. The central dome will contain a mosaic of Christ Pantocrator. To give a sense of the monumental scale, the eyes will each be about 3 metres wide.

Construction process

Three hundred years after the burning of Saint Sava's remains, in 1895, the "Society for the Construction of the Cathedral of Saint Sava on Vračar" was founded in Belgrade. Its goal was to build a cathedral on the place of the burning. A small church was built at the future place of the Cathedral, and it was later moved so the construction of the Cathedral could begin. In 1905, a public contest was launched to design the church; all five applications received were rejected as not being good enough.

Soon, the breakout of the First Balkan War in 1912, and subsequent Second Balkan War and First World War stopped all activities on the construction of the church. After the war, in 1919, the Society was established again. New appeals for designs were made in 1926; this time, it received 22 submissions. Though the first and third prize were not awarded, the second-place project, made by architect Aleksandar Deroko, was chosen for the building of the Cathedral.

Forty years after the initial idea, construction of the church began in May 10 1935, 340 years after the burning of Saint Sava's remains. The cornerstone was laid by bishop Gavrilo Dozic-Medenica (the future Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo V).

The project was designed by Aleksandar Deroko and Bogdan Nestorovic, aided by civil engineer Vojislav Zadjina.

The work lasted until Second World War Axis occupation of Yugoslavia in 1941. The church's foundation had been completed, and the walls erected to the height of 7 and 11 metres. After the 1941 bombing of Belgrade, work ceased altogether.

The occupying German army used the unfinished church as a parking lot, while in 1944 the partisans and the Red Army used it with the same purpose. Later, it was used for storage by various companies. The Society for Building of the Cathedral ceased to exist and has not been revived.

In 1958, Patriarch Germanius renewed the idea of building the church. After 88 requests for continuation of the building—and as many refusals, permission for finishing the building was granted in 1984, and Branko Pešić was chosen as new architect of the church. He remade the original projects to make better use of new materials and building techniques.

Construction of the building began again on August 12 1985. The walls were erected to full height of 40 metres.

The greatest achievement of the construction process was lifting of the 4,000 ton central dome, which was built on the ground, together with the copper plate and the cross, and later lifted onto the walls. The lifting, which took forty days, was finished on June 26 1989.

As of 2004, the church was mostly complete. The bells and windows had been installed, and the facade completed. However, work on the internal decoration of the building still remains largely unfinished.

See also

*Serbian Orthodox Church
*Belgrade
*List of tallest buildings in Serbia

External links

* [http://www.hramsvetogsave.com Official site] (in Serbian)
* [http://www.geocities.com/vesna403/Target/JDP2/Page0001.htm Saint Sava's Cathedral] (in English)