Jacob S. Coxey Sr.

Jacob S. Coxey Sr.

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name = Jacob S. Coxey Sr.


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birth_date = birth date|1854|4|16|mf=y
birth_place = Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania
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death_date = death date and age|1951|5|18|1854|4|16|mf=y
death_place = Massillon, Ohio
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party = Greenback, People's Party, Republican
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Jacob Sechler Coxey Sr. (also Jacob Coxey or Jacob S. Coxey; sometimes known as General Coxey) (born April 16, 1854 in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania; died May 18, 1951) of Massillon, Ohio, was a socialist American politician, who ran for elective office several times in Ohio.

He had a son appropriately named Legal Tender Coxey.

He twice led Coxey's Army (in 1894 and 1914), bands of unemployed men, on marches from Massillon to Washington, D.C. to demand that the United States Congress appropriate money to create jobs for the unemployed. Coxey believed that the government should print unbacked paper money, or greenbacks, in order to finance public works projects. This idea was greeted with ridicule for the most part, but would have been praised by those of the New Deal era.

Coxey ran as the nominee of the Greenback Party in 1885 for a seat in the Ohio State Senate but lost in his first attempt at public office.

In 1894, he was nominated by the People's Party for the 18th district seat. In 1895 and 1897, the People's party nominated Coxey for Governor of Ohio.

In the 1916 election, Coxey unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate.

Coxey ran as an independent in the 18th District again in 1922, against incumbent Republican B. Franklin Murphy and lost.

In 1924, Coxey ran against Democratic incumbent John McSweeney in the 16th District, losing again.

In the 1926 primary election, Coxey ran for the Republican Party's nomination for the 16th District seat and lost.

In the 1928 primary, Coxey again tried unsuccessfully to get the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate. In the general election, he ran as an independent against McSweeney again (who lost his seat to the Republican challenger Charles B. McClintock). That same year he also received two votes in the race for Frank Murphy's seat. He also ran for President that year as the candidate of the Interracial Independent Political Party with Simon P. W. Drew as his running mate. [http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,787279,00.html] [http://www.cresswellslist.com/ballots2/farmer_l.htm]

In the 1930, 1932, and 1934 primaries, Coxey again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the 16th district.

Coxey served as mayor of Massillon from 1931 to 1933 as a Republican but was defeated in the 1933 Republican primary.

In 1932, Coxey unsuccessfully ran for the office of President of the United States on the ticket of the United States Farmer-Labor Party.

In 1936, Coxey ran again, against Democratic incumbent William R. Thom, the successor to McSweeney and McClintock, this time under the banner of the Union Party, and again losing.

In the 1938 and 1942 primaries, Coxey contested for the Democratic Party's nomination in the 16th District and lost.

In the 1941 primaries, Coxey unsuccessfully tried to get the Democratic nomination for mayor of Massillon. The Democratic party nominated him in 1943, but he lost in the general election.

Although his march failed, Coxey's Army was a harbinger of an issue that would rise to prominence as unemployment insurance would become a key element in the future Social Security Act.

Jacob Coxey Sr. despite representing a Socialist platform in many ways was a devout capitalist, going as far as to name his first son Legal Tender.

ee also

* Election Results, U.S. Representative from Ohio, 21st District
* Election Results, U.S. Representative from Ohio, 18th District
* Election Results, U.S. Representative from Ohio, 16th District

Jacob S. Coxey was ironic so he named his child Legal Tender Coxey.


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  • Coxey's Army —    Jacob Sechler Coxey (1854 1951), the wealthy owner of a quarry in Massillon, Ohio, had bills introduced in Congress to stimulate employment. The year following the Panic of 1893, a time when many people were unemployed, Coxey wanted Congress… …   Dictionary of eponyms

  • Coxey's Army — Group of unemployed men who marched to Washington, D.C., in the depression year of 1894. Jacob S. Coxey (1854–1951), a businessman, led the group, which hoped to persuade Congress to authorize public works programs to provide jobs. It left Ohio… …   Universalium

  • Coxey's Army — Not to be confused with Cox s Army, a 1932 protest march to Washington, D.C. Coxey s Army marchers leaving their camp. Coxey s Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by the populist Jacob Coxey. They marched on …   Wikipedia

  • Coxey — /kok see/, n. Jacob Sechler /sech leuhr/, 1854 1951, U.S. political reformer: led a group of unemployed marchers (Coxey s army) in 1894 from Ohio to Washington, D.C., to petition Congress for legislation to create jobs and relieve poverty. * * * …   Universalium

  • coxey — noun see coxy II * * * /kok see/, n. Jacob Sechler /sech leuhr/, 1854 1951, U.S. political reformer: led a group of unemployed marchers (Coxey s army) in 1894 from Ohio to Washington, D.C., to petition Congress for legislation to create jobs and… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Coxey,Jacob Sechler — Cox·ey (kŏkʹsē), Jacob Sechler. 1854 1951. American businessman and reformer who led a march on Washington, D.C., to protest unemployment and recommended the use of fiat money to finance a work program. * * * …   Universalium

  • Coxey — biographical name Jacob Sechler 1854 1951 American politician reformer …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Coxey — Cox•ey [[t]ˈkɒk si[/t]] n. big Jacob Sechler, 1854–1951, U.S. political reformer: led unemployed marchers(Cox′ey s ar′my)to petition Congress 1894 …   From formal English to slang

  • Massillon, Ohio — City of Massillon   City   Lincoln Way in downtown Massillon in 2006 …   Wikipedia

  • Dixiana Farm — Type Horse breeding Farm Industry Thoroughbred horse racing Predecessor Hamilton Stud Founded 1877 Headquarters Lexington, Kentucky …   Wikipedia

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