Carl Akeley

Infobox Scientist
name = Carl Akeley
box_width =


image_width =150px
caption = Carl Akeley
birth_date = 19 May 1864
birth_place = Clarendon, New York
death_date = 18 November 1926
death_place =
residence =
citizenship =
nationality =
ethnicity =
field = taxidermy
work_institutions =
alma_mater =
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for = American Museum of Natural History
author_abbrev_bot =
author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
prizes =
religion =
footnotes =

He was born in Clarendon, New York, and grew up on a farm, attending school for only three years. He learned taxidermy from David Bruce in Brockport, New York, and then entered an apprenticeship in taxidermy in Rochester, New York. In 1886 Akeley moved on to the Milwaukee Public Museum (MPM) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he created the world's first complete museum habitat diorama in 1890. While working at the MPM and at Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, he developed his innovative techniques of taxidermy, perfecting a "cement gun" for improving exhibits. He later applied this method to patch old buildings with concrete, and is today known as the inventor of shotcrete. [ [http://www.allentownequipment.com/shotcrete.php Allentown Equipment, History of Gunite/Shotcrete] (URL accessed March 25, 2006)]

Akeley specialized in African mammals, particularly the gorilla and the elephant. As a taxidermist, he developed the technique of fitting the skin over a carefully prepared and sculpted form of the animal's body, producing very lifelike specimens, with consideration of musculature, wrinkles, and veins. He also displayed the specimens in groups in a natural setting. Many animals that he preserved he had personally collected.

In 1909 Akeley accompanied Theodore Roosevelt on an expedition to Africa and began working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where his efforts can still be seen in the Akeley African Hall. Akeley joined The Explorers Club in 1912, having been sponsored by three of the Club's seven Charter Members: Frank Chapman, Henry Collins Walsh, and Marshall Saville. For qualifying, Akeley wrote only, "Explorations in Somaliland and British East Africa." He became the Club's sixth president in 1917-1918.

In 1921, eager to learn about gorillas to determine if killing them for museum dioramas was justified, Akeley led an expedition to Mt. Mikeno in the Virungas at the edge of the then Belgian Congo. At that time, gorillas were quite exotic, with very few even in zoos, and collecting such animals for educational museum exhibitions was not uncommon. In the process of “collecting” several mountain gorillas, Akeley’s attitude was fundamentally changed and for the remainder of his life he worked for the establishment of a gorilla preserve in Rwanda, the first national park in Africa. Opposed to hunting them for sport or trophies, he remained an advocate of collection for scientific and educational purposes. [Milwaukee Public Museum Exhibit: "Samson Remembered"] One of the members of his 1921 expedition was six-year-old Alice Hastings Bradley, who later wrote science fiction under the name James Tiptree, Jr.. He improved the motion picture camera for working in nature. Akeley also wrote several books, including stories for children and an autobiography, "In Brightest Africa" (1923). He was awarded more than thirty patents for his inventions.

Akeley died of a fever in the Congo during his fifth expedition to Africa. He is buried in Africa, just miles from where he encountered his first gorilla, the “Old Man of Mikeno.”

His wife, Mary Jobe Akeley, married him two years before he died. He had previously been married to Delia J. Akeley (1875 - 1970) for nearly twenty years. Delia Akeley accompanied him on two of his biggest and most productive safaris to Africa in 1905 and again in 1909. Delia later returned to Africa twice under the auspices of the Brooklyn Museum of Arts and Sciences. She organized and led both trips and lived for several months in the Ituri Forest with Pygmies.

He received an award as the best taxidermist in the world at the World Taxidermy and Fish Carving Championship show which is held every other year.

Further reading

*Bodry-Sanders, Penelope, 1998, "African Obsession, The Life and Legacy of Carl Akeley".

Notes