- Hexanitrobenzene
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ImageFile = Hexanitrobenzene-alt.png
IUPACName = 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanitrobenzene
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Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
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Section2 = Chembox Properties
C=6|N=6|O=12
MolarMass = 348.10 g/mol
Appearance = Yellow or brown powdered crystals
Density = 1.985 g/cm3
MeltingPt = 256-264 °C
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Section6 = Chembox Explosive
ShockSens = None
FrictionSens = None
ExplosiveV = 9,340 m/s [ [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/61699-SYl1FI/webviewable/61699.pdf Accurate determination of pair potentials for a CwHxNyOz system of molecules: A semiempirical method] , Thiel et al, 1995]
REFactor = 1.8Hexanitrobenzene, also known as HNB, is a high-
density explosive compound withchemical formula C6N6O12, obtained by oxidizing theamine group ofpentanitroaniline withhydrogen peroxide insulfuric acid .Properties
HNB has the undesirable property of being moderately sensitive to light and therefore hard to utilize safely. It is not currently used in any production explosives applications, though it is used as a precursor chemical in one method of production of
TATB , another explosive.HNB was experimentally used as a gas source for explosively pumped
gas dynamic laser . [ [http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4099142.html Condensed explosive gas dynamic laser] , United States Patent 4099142] In this application, HNB andtetranitromethane is preferred to more conventional explosives because the explosion products CO2 and N2 are a simple enough mixture to simulate gas dynamic processes and quite similar to conventional gas dynamic laser medium. The water and hydrogen products of many other explosives could interfere with vibrational states of CO2 in this type of laser.Preparation
During World War II a method of synthesis of hexanitrobenzene was suggested in Germany, and the product was supposed to be manufactured on a semi-industrial scale according to the following scheme::C6H3(NO2)3 → C6H3(NHOH)3 (partial reduction):C6H3(NHOH)3 → C6(NO2)3(NHOH)3 (nitration):C6(NO2)3(NHOH)3 → C6(NO2)6 (oxidation)Complete nitration of benzene is practically impossible, because the nitro groups are
deactivating groups for further nitration.Additional properties
* Chapman-Jouget detonation pressure: 43 GPa
* Crystal Density: 2.01ee also
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Octanitrocubane
*Tetryl
*Trinitrotoluene Notes
References
* [http://roger.ecn.purdue.edu/~propulsi/propulsion/comb/propellants.html Heats of Formation and Chemical Compositions]
* [http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00000184/01/Adam_David.pdf The synthesis and characterisation of halogen and nitro phenyl azide derivatives as highly energetic materials., PhD Thesis, Adam, D; 2001]
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