Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies

Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies

After the Invasion of Manchuria, and until 1933, large volunteer armies waged war against Japanese and Manchukuo forces over much of Northeast China.

Due to Chiang Kai-Shek's policy of non-resistance, it is often assumed that Japanese control was soon able to establish complete control. After the League of Nations refused to do more than voice its disapproval, the Manchurian Incident was perhaps over, for diplomats. Afterwards small guerrilla bands continued the fight.

The volunteer armies were eventually defeated, but only after their resistance had made support for them and the anti-Japanese cause popular in China during the early 1930s.

There were several of these armies:
* Jilin Self-Defence Army
* Chinese People's National Salvation Army
* Northeastern Volunteer Righteous & Brave Fighters
* Northeastern Loyal and Brave Army
* Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army
* Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army
* Heilungkiang National Salvation Army
* Anti-Japanese Army For The Salvation Of The Country

Besides these armies there were other forces under leaders like Lao Pie-fang and others.

For the whole year of 1932 the Japanese had to occupy themselves with fighting these Chinese forces in various areas of Manchuria. General Ma Zhanshan nominally in command of them all had a total fighting force estimated by the Japanese of 300,000 men. Following the defeat of the large forces, many retreated into Jehol and other places in China. The remainder were forced to disperse their reminants into small units, often called shanlin. Ongoing Japanese Anti Bandit Campaigns and other pacification measures steadily reduced the number of insurgents. Their numbers declined from 120,000 in 1933, to 50,000 in 1934; 40,000 in 1935; 30,000 in 1936; and 20,000 in 1937. As of September, 1938, the number of insurgents was estimated by the Japanese at 10,000 men.

From 1935 the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party absorbed many of these volunteer forces into its own ranks.

Sources

* Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung , Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
* Jowett, Phillip S. , Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan’s Asian Allies 1931-45, Volume I: China & Manchuria, 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihul, West Midlands, England.
* [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=G6yQxGynz1R7mnJgL5fJcPfbLTnRjLWgH21DMHpVJCNCpZYNBs4b!655935560!290617960?a=o&d=5000186948 The volunteer armies of northeast China ]
* [http://www.democraticunderground.com/duforum/DCForumID30/Data/8387.txt Notes On A Guerrilla Campaign]
** [http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=110707 a more readable version here and some photos]

See also
*Invasion of Manchuria
*Pacification of Manchukuo
*Second Sino-Japanese War


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army — The Northeast People s Anti Japanese Volunteer Army was led by Tang Juwu, formerly the commander of a Northeastern infantry regiment, interned by the Japanese at the beginning of the invasion of Manchuria. It was created by the Northeast National …   Wikipedia

  • Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army — The Northeast Anti Japanese United Army ((Chinese): 東北抗日聯軍 (Korean):동북항일련군 or 동북항일연군) was an anti Japanese guerrilla army in the Northeast part (Manchuria) of China after the occupation of Manchuria by Japan in 1931. It was organized by the… …   Wikipedia

  • Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army — Ma Zhanshan, a Muslim General who had surrendered in January 1932 and joined the Manchukuo regime, rebelled again in late April, forming his own volunteer army in Heilongjiang province at the beginning of May, and then he established another 11… …   Wikipedia

  • Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army — The Chahar People s Anti Japanese Army consisted mostly of former Northwestern Army units under Feng Yuxiang, troops from Fang Zhenwu s Resisting Japan and Saving China Army, remnants of the provincial forces from Jehol, Anti Japanese volunteers… …   Wikipedia

  • Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army — The Malayan Peoples Anti Japanese Army (MPAJA) was a resistance movement during Japanese occupied Malaya during World War II. It originated among ethnic Chinese cadres of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP). Some units were trained by the British.… …   Wikipedia

  • Second Sino-Japanese War — Part of the Pacific War of World War II (from 1941) …   Wikipedia

  • Northeastern Volunteer Righteous and Brave Fighters — Northeastern Volunteer Righteous Brave Fighters is an article on Wang Fengge, a student of traditional martial arts and later an officer in the Chinese Northeast Army, became involved in the Big Swords Society. History After the Japanese invasion …   Wikipedia

  • Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) — Infobox Military Conflict conflict=Japanese invasions of Korea date=1592–1598 caption= The Japanese landing on Busan. place=Korean peninsula result=Korean and Chinese victory. combatant1=Korea under the Joseon Dynasty, China under the Ming… …   Wikipedia

  • Pacification of Manchukuo — Part of Second Sino Japanese War …   Wikipedia

  • Northeastern People's Revolutionary Army — After the Empire of Japan invaded and occupied the Northeast in 1931, the Chinese Communist Party organized small anti Japanese guerrilla units, and formed their own Northeastern People s Revolutionary Army, dedicated to social revolution, but… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”