Sinapis arvensis

Sinapis arvensis
Sinapis arvensis
Wild mustard
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Sinapis
Species: S. arvensis
Binomial name
Sinapis arvensis
L.
Synonyms
  • Brassica arvensis (L.)
  • Brassica sinapis Vis.
  • Brassica sinapistrum Boiss.

Sinapis arvensis is an annual or winter annual plant of the genus Sinapis, belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It is commonly known as Field mustard, Wild mustard or charlock.

Contents

Etymology

The genus name Sinapis derives from the Greek word "synaptein" meaning to fasten together. The species name arvensis is a Latin adjective meaning in the fields.

Description

Close-up on flowers of Sinapis arvensis

Sinapis arvensis reaches on average 20–80 centimetres (7.9–31 in) of height, but under optimal conditions can exceed one meter. The stems are erect, branched and striated, with coarse spreading hairs especially near the base.

The leaves are petiolate with a length of 1–4 centimetres (0.39–1.6 in). The basal leaves are oblong, oval, lanceolate, lyrate, pinnatifid to dentate, 4–18 centimetres (1.6–7.1 in) long, 2–5 centimetres (0.79–2.0 in) wide. The cauline leaves are much reduced and are short petiolate to sessile but not auriculate-clasping.

The inflorescence is a raceme made up of yellow flowers having four petals. The fruit is a silique 3-5 cm long with a beak 1-2 cm long that is flattened-quadrangular. The valves of the silique are glabrous or rarely bristly, three to five nerved. The seeds are smooth 1-1.5 mm in diameter.

Flowering occurs from May to September. The flowers are pollinated by various bees and flies (entomophily). Sinapis arvensis is the host plant of the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera, such as the Small White (Pieris rapae). It contains chemicals of the class glucosinolates, including sinalbin.

Uses

The leaves of Wild Mustard are edible at the juvenile stage of the plant. In animals, except birds, the seeds are toxic and cause gastrointestinal problems, especially if consumed in large quantities. Once the seeds are ground, they produce a kind of mustard.

Distribution

A native of the Mediterranean basin, it is widespread in all temperate regions of the planet. It has also become naturalized throughout much of North America. It is a highly invasive species, a weed, such as in California.

Habitat

It grows in the plains and mountains, in pastures, fields, roadsides, waste places and ruins, but mainly in cultivated places. It prefers calcareous soils in sunny places, at an altitude of 0–1,400 metres (0–4,600 ft) above sea level.

Varieties

  • Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis
  • Sinapis arvensis subsp. allionii (sin. Sinapis allionii Jacq.)
  • Sinapis arvensis var. stricta Celak.
  • Sinapis arvensis var. pinnatifida Stokes
  • Sinapis arvensis var. schkuhriana (Rchb.) Hagenb. 1949
  • Sinapis arvensis var. orientalis ( L. ) Koch & Ziz.

Gallery

References


External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • SINAPIS ARVENSIS L. — Sinapis arvensis L. см. 345. Однолетнее растение. S. arvensis L. Полевая горчица, сорное Евраз. и С. Афр., может давать пищ. масло (с.) (Алтай). Съедобны л., ст. и с. (на Кавк.). Лек. и медонос (Синская. 1928, 422) …   Справочник растений

  • Sinapis arvensis — Moutarde des champs Pour les articles homonymes, voir Moutarde …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Sinapis arvensis —   Mostaza de campo …   Wikipedia Español

  • Sinapis arvensis — Acker Senf Acker Senf (Sinapis arvensis), Illustration. Systematik Klasse: Dreifurchenpollen Zweik …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Sinapis arvensis — ID 78594 Symbol Key SIAR4 Common Name charlock mustard Family Brassicaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Introduced to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Sinapis arvensis ssp. arvensis — ID 78599 Symbol Key SIARA Common Name wild mustard Family Brassicaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Cultivated, or not in the U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution N/A Growth Habit N/A …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Sinapis arvensis L. — Symbol SIAR4 Common Name charlock mustard Botanical Family Brassicaceae …   Scientific plant list

  • Sinapis arvensis — noun weedy Eurasian plant often a pest in grain fields • Syn: ↑field mustard, ↑wild mustard, ↑charlock, ↑chadlock, ↑Brassica kaber • Hypernyms: ↑mustard …   Useful english dictionary

  • Sinapis arvensis L. ssp. arvensis — Symbol SIARA Common Name wild mustard Botanical Family Brassicaceae …   Scientific plant list

  • Sinapis arvensis L. var. orientalis (L.) W.D.J. Koch & Ziz — Symbol SIARA Synonym Symbol SIARO Botanical Family Brassicaceae …   Scientific plant list

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