Averbode (publisher)

Uitgeverij Averbode is a Belgian publisher of books, comics, and magazines. The company is located in Averbode and is part of the Averbode Abbey. It has changed its name a few times since its foundation in 1877. [ [http://www.standaard.be/Artikel/Detail.aspx?artikelId=DST02082002_045 Standaard] ]

Names

Altiora Averbode has been known as "Goede Pers", "Altiora", "Altiora Averbode", "N.V. Altiora", "N.V. Averbode", and now "Uitgeverij Averbode".

History

1877-1918

From 1877 on, with the creation of the Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, the abbey made a lot of publications to reach out to all the members of the Brotherhood and for promotion. To reduce the costs, on February 14 1881 a small printing press was bought in Paris, and started producing flyers and other material. Already in 1882, a second printing press and a paper cutting machine were added. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière, Rita and Quaghebeur, Patricia |title=Averbode, een uitgever apart. 1877-2002 |origyear=2002 |accessdate=2007-10-29 |series=Kadoc Artes 6 |publisher=Universitaire Pers Leuven and Uitgeverij Averbode |location=Averbode |language=Dutch |isbn=90-5867-232-8 |pages=41]

By 1885, the Brotherhood has 25,000 members, and in 1886 the members' magazine "Bode der Aartsbroederschap van O.-L.-Vrouw van het H. Hart" was created as a monthly, which changed to a biweekly magazine in 1887. A French edition followed in 1895. To make this possible, a new press was bought in 1885, and a steam driven press was added in 1890. The circulation of both magazines together increased to nearly 100,000 at the start of World War 1. Other publications soon followed, with different parish newspapers in 1904, and the weekly "Averbode's Weekblad" in 1907. The Abbey also printed for other customers, and produced a few books as well. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=41-42]

Two rotary printing presses were bought in 1897 and 1898, and electric power was installed in 1903. At the time, about 80 people, mainly men, worked in the factory, then called "Drukkerij van Averbode" or "Drukkerij van de abdij van Averbode" ("Printing of Averbode" or "Printing of the Abbey of Averbode"). It was at the time one of the major employers of the town, and was crucial in the coming of the tramway in 1900 and the post office in 1909 to Averbode. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=42-43] At the start of World War 1, some 267,000 magazines were published and printed weekly in Averbode.Most of this economic activity came to a halt during the first World War though. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=84]

1919-1940

After the war, the Brotherhood had lost much of its momentum, and the Abbey started the "Eucharistische Kruistocht" ("Eucharistic Crusade") in 1920, as a means to get the Christian faith to the youth of Belgium. The printing continued some old publications, especially "Averbode's Weekblad", but the new magazines "Zonneland" ("Sun Country") and its Frecnh language counterpart "Petits Belges" ("Small Belgians") soon became very popular as well. To print these magazines, a new four colour press was bought in 1924. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=44-46]

The 1920s were a period of expansion, with the success of the Eucharistic Crusade as the motor. New magazines appeared all the time, and the publication of books started to boom as well from 1925 on. The cultural magazine "Hooger Leven"("Higher Life") started in 1927, and "Vlaamsche Filmkens" ("Flemish Movies"), a weekly story of 32 pages for the youth, debuted in 1930. New presses were also bought for commercial printing, with limited success. Finally, in 1932 the existing magazine "Ons Land" ("Our Country") was acquired. All decisions and control was still done by the monks of the abbey, and in the early 1930s, it became obvious that the printing had acquired a large debt which even threatened the abbey itself. In 1934, the debt was estimated to be 27 million Belgian Francs, which, keeping inflation in mind, would amount to more than 17 million Euros currently. TO resolve this, a new structure was created, with professional external help for the financial part. The printing wa no longer a part of the same company as the abbey and was renamed "Altiora". All activities were scrutinized, and those that created the losses were dropped, while new, more commercial activities were started. The circulation of "Ons Land" rose from 16,000 in 1932 to 60,000 in 1938. From 1937 on, the printing started to make a profit, and continued to do so until 1943, when due to World War 2, most activities had to be stopped. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=46-52]

1940-1945

During the second World War, the printing was much restricted. Most publications of Averbode first continued, but soon the number of pages and the frequency dropped, due to rationing, even though the popularity of most publications soared. The biggest success was "Ons Land", with a circulation of nearly 130,000 copies in May 1942. The magazine became gradually more German-friendly, although it never became a true propaganda magazine, and only ceased publication in May 1944, when the paper rationing was at its worst, and when the supply of electricity couldn't be assured any longer. The shortage of paper and other materials had already led to the end of the publications of "Vlaamsche Filmkens", "Zonneland", "Petits Belges" and other populmar magazines in 1943. On May 6 1942, a fire destroyed most of the printing. Due to a high insurance, this fire together with the success of the magazines led to a serious reduction of the debts of the abbey. The larger abbey fire of December 29 1942 did not touch the printing factory, but strained the resources and manpower of the abbey even further. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=55-58]

1945-...

Altiora sold the profitable but due to its too German friendly contents during the War tainted magazine "Ons Land" in 1946, although it was further printed in Averbode until 1959. Some other publications did not restart after the war, but the biggest successes all returned. In November 1944, "Zonneland", "Petits Belges", "Averbode's Weekblad" and "La Semaine" all restarted. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=59-62]

Things went rather uneventful until the 1960s, when the market in Belgium changed drastically. While the youth magazines of Averbode flowered and multiplied fared the adult magazineslike "Averbode's Weekblad" and "La Semaine" worse. "Averbode's Weekblad" disappeared in 1964 with a circulation of less than 10,000, and "La Semaine" ended four years later. These losses were compensated by the appearance of "Zonnekind" (1958), "Doremi" (first called "Prutske", 1963), and "Zonnestraal" (1966). With the addition of "Top" in 1973, these youth magazines, mainky distributed through Catholic schools, had a combined circulation of 400,000. The number of employees varied between 200 and 300 in those years. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=62-65]

The 1973 oil crisis was felt heavily in Belgium, and Altiora (thr printing) and Goede Pers (the publisher) plunged deep into the red. New investments were delayed until the end of the 1970s, and it took until the mid 1980s before the worst had passed and the finances were once again healthy. Altiora expanded, and started to attract clients from outside Belgium as well, raising the turnover to over 1 billion Belgian Francs (25 million Euro). In the 1990s, the structure of the comlpany once again changed. All printing activities were renamed to Agora in 1997, and formed no longer a part of the abbey. The book publishing activities were centralized in Uitgeverij Altiora Averbode in 1993, and all magazines were grouped in Goede Pers in 1993, which was renamed to Uitgeverij Averbode in 2000. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=65-67]

Publications

By 2000, Averbode had published about 146 magazines, some with a circulation of over 100,000, and over 8,000 books, with nearly 2,000 books for adults (mainly religiously inspired), and over 6,000 youth books. [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=483]

Magazines

Averbode is probably best known for its youth magazines which were distributed via the Catholic schools in Belgium. [ [http://www.scherpenheuvel-zichem-info.be/Averbode/home.htm Website of community of Scherpenheuvel-Zichem] ]

The magazines had many famous Belgian authors amongst its contributors, including Ernest Claes and Jijé, but the one author most associated with the magazines is probably Jean Ray, writing as "John Flanders".

Major magazines include:

Books

Averbode has two major ranges of books, youth publications and religious publications.

While occasionally, books were published from about 1900 on, the first serious effort started in 1921 with the "Trekkersreeks", and in 1925 with the series "Uit Verre Landen" ("From Faraway Countries"), a series of over thirty books translated from German, mostly about missionaries. These series was quite successful, and was reprinted and expanded to over 40 books, some written especially for Averbode, after World War II.

Averbode published also a few classic Flemish youth books, with "De Waanzinnige Kluizenaar" ("The Mad Hermit") by Karitas (pseudonym of Hans Happel) in 1931, reprinted 9 times until 1979, and "Spoken op de Ruwe heide" ("Ghosts on the Rough Heath") by John Flanders in 1934, reprinted 7 times until 1993. The most successful translated book was "Het Licht der Bergen" ("The Light of the Mountains") by F. X. Weiser, 9 times reprinted between 1934 and 1962. It was originally written in German.

Between 1945 and 1970, most youth books produced by Averbode were either reprints of prewar successes, collections of short stories from the magazines, or new editions of fairy tales. While often very nicely illustrated, they were soon out of date with post-war Belgium, and were often criticized in newspaper reviews. The major successes were simple books for beginning readers. Among the many writers are only a few names with a wider appeal, like the prolific John Flanders and Leopold Vermeiren, and classic Flemish writer Ernest Claes.

In the 1970s, Averbode tries to regain the contact with the elder readers, from 10 to 15 years, with new authors and new layouts. The Top-series, called after the magazine for 12 to 15 year olds, is the biggest success, both commercially and critically. A first success is "De dinderen van de vrede" by Guido Staes, winner of the Staatsprijs in 1972. But the real expansion happens mostly in the 1980s. Authors like Gerda Van Cleemput and René Swartenbroeckx become quite popular in Flanders. Averbode also publishes a lot of translated youth literature, mainly from English language authors like William Bell and Monica Hughes, and German language authors like Hans Brunner and Jo Pestum. The most popular of the Flemish authors is the young Bart Moeyaert, whose debut "Duet met valse noten" is reprinted 11 times in 15 years.

The success continues until well into the 1990s, but by 2000, Averbode refocuses on the magazines and educational publications, and the number of books greatly diminishes.

Comics

Altiora was one of the first publishers to bring comics in their magazines, and has printed many unpublished comics over the years. However, contrary to other publishers with more purely comic magazines like Dupuis (with "Spirou") and Le Lombard (with "Tintin"), they had little success with the edition of comic albums, and produced only a limited number of those. The most successful was "Rikske en Fikske" by Gray, a juvenile series about a boy and his dog. Other series by authors like Jijé, Renaat Demoen, François Craenhals or Berck were more shortlived or limited to a single story. Altiora has published no comics since the 1970s.

Multimedia

In recent years, the company has branched out into multimedia publications, amongst others with CD-Roms with the imprint "Lascaux" (from 1992 on), and their websites KidCity and Explorian (from 2000 on). [cite book |editor=Ghesquière and Quaghebeur |title=op. cit. |pages=501]

Notes

External links

* [http://www.averbode.com/ Homepage of the current company Averbode (also in English)]
* [http://opc4.kb.nl/DB=1/SET=4/TTL=1/CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=7021&SRT=RLV&TRM=%22altiora%22 Bibliography of Altiora at the Belgian National Library]
* [http://opc4.kb.nl/DB=1/SET=3/TTL=1/CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=7021&SRT=RLV&TRM=%22averbode%22 Bibliography of Averbode at the Belgian National Library]
* [http://opc4.kb.nl/DB=1/SET=5/TTL=1/CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=7021&SRT=RLV&TRM=%22goede+pers%22 Bibliography of Goede Pers at the Belgian National Library]
* [http://kadoc.kuleuven.be/nl/acti/expo/averbode.htm Info on an exposition about the company in 2002]
* [http://kadoc.dotnet27.hostbasket.com/periodieken/default.asp Catholic Documentation Centre: info on the history of the publisher (in Dutch)]