Jerri Nielsen

Jerri Lin Nielsen
Born	March 1, 1952(1952-03-01) Salem, Ohio [1][2]
Died	June 23, 2009(2009-06-23) (aged 57) Southwick, Massachusetts
Nationality	American
Occupation	Physician
Known for	Physician who self-administered a biopsy, and later chemotherapy, after discovering a breast tumour while in Antarctica until she could be evacuated

Dr. Jerri Lin Nielsen (née Cahill; March 1, 1952 – June 23, 2009) was an American physician with extensive ER experience,^[3] who in 1998 was hired to spend a year at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, as the station's only doctor.^[4]

During the southern winter, at a time when the station is physically cut off from the rest of the world, she developed breast cancer. Nielsen teleconferenced with medical personnel in the United States, and had to operate on herself in order to extract tissue samples for analysis. A military plane was later dispatched to the pole to airdrop equipment and medications. Her condition remained life-threatening, and the first plane to land at the station in the spring was sent several weeks earlier than planned, despite adverse weather conditions, to bring her to the U.S. as soon as possible. Her ordeal attracted a great amount of attention from the media, and Nielsen later wrote an autobiographical book recounting her story.^[5]

Despite the extraordinary efforts of Nielsen and supporting crew and rescue team, her cancer was not cured by the available treatments. It recurred seven years later, eventually causing her death in 2009 from brain metastatic disease, eleven years after initial diagnosis.

Story

Nielsen's saga began in 1998, when she was hired for a one-year contract to serve as the medical doctor at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station on Antarctica. This isolated region experiences almost total darkness for the six months of winter, during which the temperature remains steady at around −60 °C (−76 °F).^[6] During this period, the station is also completely cut off from the world, as no planes fly there between mid-February and late October. The "winterover" crew is thus stranded and must be entirely autonomous.

In the course of her work at the research station, Nielsen discovered a lump in her breast. After consulting US physicians via e-mail and video conference, she performed a biopsy upon herself. The results were however inconclusive, because the material used on site was too outdated to allow for a precise diagnosis.^{[citation needed]}

The National Science Foundation decided to send a military plane to airdrop supplies and medication for her treatment. Such airdrops had been a yearly event several years earlier, when the station was run by the US Navy, but had later been stopped.^[7] The plane didn't attempt a landing because its skis would risk sticking to the ice, and its fuel and hydraulic lines would rapidly freeze, dooming the craft. South Pole workers lit fires in barrels in the Antarctic night to mark out a drop zone. An Air Force C-141 cargo plane, staged out of Christchurch, overflew the Pole in the darkness of mid-July, and sent six bundles of supplies and medical equipment parachuting toward the station.^[8]

Using the parachuted supplies, Nielsen began her treatment, following the advice of her doctors over the satellite link. She first began a hormone treatment. She trained her South Pole colleagues, to form a small team that could assist her in the procedures. A new biopsy performed with the airdropped equipment allowed better scans to be sent to the US, where it was confirmed that the cells were indeed cancerous.^[9] With the help of her makeshift medical team, Nielsen then began self-administering chemotherapy.^[9]

In October, a LC-130 Hercules was sent several weeks ahead of schedule, despite the risks inherent to flying in such cold weather, to bring her back home as soon as possible. Another crew member, who had suffered a hip injury during the winter, was also evacuated.

After returning to the United States

Once back in the United States, after multiple surgeries, complications and a mastectomy,^[10] Nielsen went into remission. She became a motivational speaker^[11] and a scholarship was created in her honour;^[12] she also remarried, to Tom Fitzgerald. In 2001, Nielsen was named Irish American of the Year by Irish America magazine.

Metastasis

After being in remission, the cancer returned in 2005 and metastasized to Nielsen's liver and bones,^[10] but she continued to give speeches and traveled extensively including to Hong Kong, Vietnam, Australia, Ireland, Alaska, Poland, and she returned to Antarctica several times. In October 2008, Dr. Nielsen announced that her cancer had returned in the form of a brain tumour.^[12][13] She was active and giving talks until March 2009, three months before her death.^[14]

She died on June 23, 2009, aged 57 at her home in Southwick, Massachusetts.^[15] She was survived by her second husband, Tom Fitzgerald; her parents, Lorine and Phil Cahill; her brothers, Scott Cahill and Eric Cahill; and her children from a previous marriage: Julia, Ben and Alex.^[16]

Popular references/books

With ghostwriter Maryanne Vollers, Nielsen's story was told in the autobiographical Ice Bound: A Doctor's Incredible Story of Survival at the South Pole, which became a New York Times bestseller. The book was later adapted into Ice Bound: A Woman's Survival at the South Pole, a 2003 CBS-TV movie starring Susan Sarandon,^[17] and in 2008 became the inspiration for an episode of Fox Network show House, "Frozen", in which the team must somehow, via teleconference, diagnose and treat a stricken psychiatrist at the South Pole. Her story of her rescue would be featured on The Weather Channel's When Weather Changed History in the "Rescue from the South Pole" in January 2008.

See also

Nielsen's case shares some similarities with that of Dr. Leonid Rogozov, who had to remove his own appendix while spending the winter at Novolazarevskaya research station in 1961. Since this incident, that station is always staffed with two doctors.^[18]

References

• Nielsen, Jerri; Maryanne Vollers (2001). Ice Bound: A Doctor's Incredible Battle for Survival at the South Pole. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0-7868-6684-5. 

1. ^ Hevesi, Dennis (June 25, 2009). "Jerri FitzGerald, Who Treated Herself at South Pole, Dies at 57". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/25/us/25nielsen.html. Retrieved March 27, 2010. 
2. ^ http://www.cleveland.com/obituary/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/news-2/124591867160950.xml&coll=2
3. ^ Nielsen 01: 1-4
4. ^ Nielsen 01: 24
5. ^ "Doctor in South Pole Rescue Dies at 57" "New York Times", 24 June 2009. [1]
6. ^ "South Pole, Antarctica". USA Today. May 20, 2005. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/climate/antarctica-south-pole.htm. Retrieved November 22, 2008. 
7. ^ Nielsen 01: 217
8. ^ "The Antarctic Sun, October 24, 1999". The Antarctic Sun. http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/pastIssues/1999-2000/1999_10_24.pdf. 
9. ^ ^{a b} "Dr. Jerri Nielsen - Incredible Story of Survival at The South Pole". Nationwide Speakers Bureau. http://www.nationwidespeakers.com/speaker/164/dr-jerri-nielsen/incredible-story-of-survival-at-the-south-pole. Retrieved November 22, 2008. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Marion Long (October 12, 2006). "The Explorer: Jerri Nielsen". Psychology Today. http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20060317-000001.html. Retrieved November 22, 2008. 
11. ^ "Dr Jerri Nielsen". WZTV. http://www.fox17.com/newsroom/special_reports/vid_15.shtml. Retrieved November 22, 2008. ^{[dead link]}
12. ^ ^{a b} Julie M. McKinnon (October 18, 2008). "South Pole doctor says cancer spread". The Blade. http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081018/NEWS32/810180342. Retrieved November 22, 2008. 
13. ^ "Jerri Nielsen". After cancer, now what. November 10, 2008. http://aftercancernowwhat.blogspot.com/2008/11/jerri.html. Retrieved November 22, 2008. 
14. ^ "Doctor rescued from Antarctica in 1999 dies at 57 - CNN.com". CNN. June 23, 2009. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/06/23/obit.jerri.nielsen/. Retrieved May 6, 2010. 
15. ^ Billy Ace Baker (2009). "Jerri Nielsen Fitzgerald: 1 March 1952–23 June 2009". Explorer's Gazette 9 (2): 7. http://www.oaea.net/Volume9,Issue2.pdf. Retrieved 2011-05-14. 
16. ^ Obituary notice
17. ^ Ice Bound at the Internet Movie Database
18. ^ Nielsen 01: p. 61

External links

• AP Obituary in the Boston Herald
• RIP Dr Jerri Nielsen
• Jerri Nielsen Daily Telegraph obituary
• Jerri Nielsen at Find a Grave

Persondata
Name	Nielsen, Jerri
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	March 1, 1952
Place of birth	Salem, Ohio
Date of death	June 23, 2009
Place of death	Southwick, Massachusetts