- Artemisia II of Caria
Artemisia II of
Caria (in Greek, "Ἀρτεμισία"; d. 350 BC) was a sister, the wife and the successor of the kingMausolus . She was a daughter ofHecatomnus , and after the death of her husband she reigned for two years, from 352 to 350 BC. Her administration was conducted on the same principles as the one of her husband, whence she supported the oligarchical party on theisland ofRhodes .rf|1|diod_16.36_45_demLife
She is renowned in history for her extraordinary grief at the death of her husband Mausolus. She is said to have mixed his ashes in her daily drink, and to have gradually pined away during the two years that she survived him. She induced the most eminent Greek
rhetorician s to proclaim his praise in their oratory; and to perpetuate his memory she built atHalicarnassus a celebrated majestic monument, listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of theSeven Wonders of the Ancient World and whose name subsequently became the generic term for any splendid sepulchral monument ("mausoleum" μαυσωλεῖον).rf|2|cic_3.31_strab_14_gell_10.18_plin_25.36_36.4_val_4.6_sudaMausoleum of Maussollos
The
Mausoleum of Maussollos was approximately 140 feet in height and surrounded on all four corners with 36 marble columns, nine on each of the four sides. These were adorned with sculpturalrelief s created by each one of four Greeksculptor s. The west side was done byLeochares , the north side done byBryaxis , the east side byScopas of Paros, and the remaining side facing south was done by Timotheus. A fifth artist was called in after the death of Artemisia namedPteron . He crowned the existing grand monumet with a pyramid that was just as tall which contained 24 steps. A sixth sculptor was added to the artist group calledPythius who built at the very top a marble chariot with four white horses. Artemisia never saw the completion of her marvelous sepulcher.Other monuments
Another celebrated monument was erected by her in Rhodes to commemorate her conquest of the island. The Rhodians, after regaining their liberty, made it inaccessible, whence it was called in later times the Aβατoν (
Abaton ).rf|3|vitr_2.8Legacy in popular culture
Artemisia is referenced in the manga "
12 Days " by June Kim, about a woman who grieves for her ex-girlfriend by drinking her ashes mixed with fruit smoothies.Notes
ent|1|diod_16.36_45_dem
Diodorus Siculus , "Bibliotheca", [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Diod.+16.36.1 xvi. 36] , [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Diod.+16.45.1 45] ;Demosthenes , "Speeches", "On the liberty of the Rhodians", [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Dem.+15+11 11] , [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Dem.+15+27 27] ent|2|cic_3.31_strab_14_gell_10.18_plin_25.36_36.4_val_4.6_sudaCicero , "Tusculanae Disputationes", [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14988/14988-h/14988-h.htm#page-123 iii. 31] ;Strabo , "Geography", [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Strab.+14.2.1 xiv. 2] ;Aulus Gellius , "Noctes Atticae", [http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/erudits/aulugelle/livre10.htm#XVIII x. 18] ; Pliny, "Natural History", [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+25.36 xxv. 36] , [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+36.4 xxxvi. 4] ;Valerius Maximus , "Facta et dicta memorabilia", [http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/valere/livre4.htm iv. 6] ; "Suda ", s.v. [http://www.stoa.org/sol-bin/search.pl?db=REAL&search_method=QUERY&login=guest&enlogin=guest&user_list=LIST&page_num=1&searchstr=artemisia&field=hw_eng&num_per_page=100 "Artemisia"] , [http://www.stoa.org/sol-bin/search.pl?db=REAL&search_method=QUERY&login=guest&enlogin=guest&user_list=LIST&page_num=1&searchstr=mausolos&field=hw_eng&num_per_page=100 "Mausolos"] ent|3|vitr_2.8Vitruvius , "De architectura ", [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Vitr.+2.8.1 ii. 8]References
*Smith, William (editor); "
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology ", [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0386.html "Artemisia (2)"] ,Boston , (1867)
*Virginia Brown's translation of Giovanni Boccaccio’s Famous Women, pp. 115-118; Harvard University Press 2001; ISBN 0-674-01130-9
*SmithDGRBMExternal links
* [http://www.livius.org/ Livius'] [http://www.livius.org/he-hg/hecatomnids/artemisia.html Artemisia] by Jona Lendering
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
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