Aniseikonia

Aniseikonia

Infobox_Disease
Name = PAGENAME


Caption =
DiseasesDB = 29646
ICD10 = ICD10|H|52|3|h|49
ICD9 = ICD9|367.32
ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj =
eMedicineTopic =
MeshID = D000839

Aniseikonia (sometimes misspelled as aneisokonia, and spelled anisoeikonia in British English) is an ophthalmological condition where there is a significant difference in the perceived size of images. It can occur as an overall difference between the two eyes, or as a difference in a particular meridian. Citation|last = Berens |first = Conrad | last2 = Loutfallah | first2 = Michael | year = 1938 | title = Aniseikonia: A Study of 836 Patients Examined with the Ophthalmo-Eikonometer | periodical = Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. | series = | volume = 36 | pages = 234–67 | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1315746&blobtype=pdf]

Etymology

Gr. "an" = "not" , + "is(o)" = "equal," + "eikōn" = "image"

Causes

Retinal image size is determined by many factors. The size and position of the object being viewed affects the characteristics of the light entering the system. Corrective lenses effect these characteristics and are used commonly to correct refractive error. The optics of the eye including its refractive power and axial length also play a major role in retinal image size.

Aniseikonia can occur naturally or be induced by the correction of a refractive error, usually anisometropia (having significantly different refractive errors between each eye) or antimetropia (being myopic (nearsighted) in one eye and hyperopic (farsighted) in the other.) Meridional aniseikonia occurs when these refractive differences only occur in one meridian (see astigmatism). Refractive surgery can cause aniseikonia in much the same way that it is caused by glasses and contacts.

One cause of significant anisometropia and subsequent aniseikonia has been aphakia. Aphakic patients do not have a crystalline lens. The crystalline lens is often removed because of opacities called cataracts. The absence of this lens left the patient highly hyperopic (farsighted) in that eye. For some patients the removal was only performed on one eye, resulting in the anisometropia / aniseikonia. Today, this is rarely a problem because when the lens is removed in cataract surgery, an intraocular lens, or IOL is left in its place.

Demonstration

A way to demonstrate aniseikonia is to hold a near target (ex. pen or finger) approximately 6 inches directly in front of one eye. The person then closes one eye, and then the other. The person should notice that the target appears larger to the eye that it is directly in front of. When this object is viewed with both eyes, it is seen with a small amount of aniseikonia. The principles behind this demonstration are relative distance magnification (closer objects appear larger) and asymmetrical convergence (the target is not an equal distance from each eye).

ymptoms

When this magnification difference becomes excessive the effect can cause diplopia, disorientation, eyestrain, headache, and dizziness and balance disorders.

Treatment

Treatment is done by changing the optical magnification properties of the auxiliary optics (corrective lenses). The optical magnification properties of spectacle lenses can be adjusted by changing parameters like the base curve, vertex distance, and center thickness. Contact lenses may also provide a better optical magnification to reduce the difference in image size. The difference in magnification can also be eliminated by a combination of contact lenses and glasses (creating a weak telescope system). The optimum design solution will depend on different parameters like cost, cosmetic implications, and if the patient can tolerate wearing a contact lens.

Note however that before the optics can be designed, first the aniseikonia should be known=measured. When the image disparity is astigmatic (cylindrical) and not uniform, images can appear wider, taller, or diagonally different. When the disparity appears to vary across the visual field (field-dependent aniseikonia), as may be the case with an epiretinal membrane or retinal detachment, the aniseikonia cannot fully be corrected with traditional optical techniques like standard corrective lenses. However, partial correction often improves the patient's vision comfort significantly. Little is known yet about the possibilities of using surgical intervention to correct aniseikonia.

References

External links

* [http://www.opticaldiagnostics.com/products/ai/aniseikonia.html Aniseikonia information] at Optical Diagnostics


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • aniseikonia — n. 1. a visual defect in which the shape and size of an ocular image differ in the two eyes. [WordNet 1.5] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • aniseikonia — [an΄is ī΄kō′nē ə] n. [ModL < ANIS(O) + Gr eikōn (see ICON), an image + IA] a condition in which the image seen by one eye is larger than that seen by the other eye: opposed to ISEIKONIA aniseikonic [an΄is īkän′ik] adj …   English World dictionary

  • aniseikonia — noun Etymology: New Latin, from anis + Greek eikōn image more at icon Date: 1934 a defect of binocular vision in which the two retinal images of an object differ in size • aniseikonic adjective …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • aniseikonia — aniseikonic /an euh suy kon ik/, adj. /an euh suy koh nee euh/, n. Ophthalm. a defect of vision in which the images at the retinas are unequal in size. [1930 35; < NL; see ANISO , EIKON, IA] * * * …   Universalium

  • aniseikonia — noun An ophthalmological condition where there is a significant difference in the perceived size of images …   Wiktionary

  • aniseikonia — An ocular condition in which the image of an object in one eye differs in size or shape from the image of the same object in the fellow eye. SYN: unequal retinal image. [G. anisos, unequal, + eikon, an image] * * * an·is·ei·ko·nia .an .ī .sī kō… …   Medical dictionary

  • aniseikonia — n. visual defect …   English contemporary dictionary

  • aniseikonia — an·is·ei·ko·nia …   English syllables

  • aniseikonia — n. a condition in which the image of an object differs markedly in size or shape in each eye …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • aniseikonia — an•is•ei•ko•ni•a [[t]ˌæn ə saɪˈkoʊ ni ə[/t]] n. a defect of vision in which the images at the retinas are unequal in size • Etymology: 1930–35; anis (o) + Gk eikṓn image, icon+ ia an is•ei•kon′ic ˈkɒn ɪk adj …   From formal English to slang

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”