Miglitol

Miglitol
Miglitol
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
piperidine-3,4,5-triol
Clinical data
Trade names Glyset
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a601079
Licence data US FDA:link
Pregnancy cat. B3(AU) B(US)
Legal status ℞-only (US)
Routes Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Dose-dependent
Protein binding Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism Nil
Half-life 2 hours
Excretion Renal (95%)
Identifiers
CAS number 72432-03-2
ATC code A10BF02
PubChem CID 441314
DrugBank APRD01117
ChemSpider 390074 YesY
UNII 0V5436JAQW YesY
KEGG D00625 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1561 YesY
Chemical data
Formula C8H17NO5 
Mol. mass 207.224 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Physical data
Density 1.458 g/cm³
Melt. point 114 °C (237 °F)
 YesY(what is this?)  (verify)

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.

Miglitol inhibits glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

See also

v · d · eOral anti-diabetic drugs and Insulin analogs (A10)
Insulin
Metformin# • Buformin‡ • Phenformin‡
K+ ATP
Meglitinides/"glinides"
GLP-1 analogs
Exenatide • Liraglutide • Taspoglutide† • Albiglutide† • Lixisenatide
Analogs/other insulins
fast-acting (Insulin lispro • Insulin aspart • Insulin glulisine) • short-acting (Regular insulin) • long-acting (Insulin glargine • Insulin detemir • NPH insulin) • ultra-long-acting (Insulin degludec†) • inhalable Exubera‡
Other
Acarbose • Miglitol • Voglibose
Amylin analog
SGLT2 inhibitors
Canagliflozin† • Dapagliflozin† • Remogliflozin§ • Sergliflozin§
Other

M: END

anat/phys/devp/horm

noco(d)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (A10/H1/H2/H3/H5)


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