Nystatin

Nystatin
Nystatin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(1S,3R,4R,7R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E, 25E,27E,29E,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(3-amino-3,
Clinical data
Trade names Mycostatin, Nilstat
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a682758
Pregnancy cat.  ?
Legal status  ?
Routes topical & oral (but not absorbed)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 0% on oral ingestion
Metabolism  ?
Half-life  ?
Excretion  ?
Identifiers
CAS number 1400-61-9 YesY
ATC code A07AA02 D01AA01 G01AA01
PubChem CID 14960
DrugBank APRD01146
ChemSpider 10468627 YesY
UNII BDF1O1C72E YesY
KEGG D00202 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:473992 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL229383 N
Chemical data
Formula C47H75NO17 
Mol. mass 926.09
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
 N(what is this?)  (verify)

Nystatin is a polyene antifungal drug to which many molds and yeast infections are sensitive, including Candida. Due to its toxicity profile, there are currently no injectable formulations of this drug on the US market.[1] However, nystatin may be safely given orally as well as applied topically due to its minimal absorption through mucocutaneous membranes such as the gut and the skin.[2][3]

Contents

Uses

Cutaneous, vaginal, mucosal and esophageal Candida infections usually respond well to treatment with nystatin. Cryptococcus is also sensitive to nystatin. In the UK its licence for treating neonatal oral thrush is restricted to those over the age of one month (miconazole is an appropriate alternative for younger babies).[citation needed]

Nystatin is often used as prophylaxis in patients who are at risk for fungal infections, such as AIDS patients with a low CD4+ count and patients receiving chemotherapy.

It is prescribed in units, with doses varying from 100,000 (for oral infections) to 1 million (for intestinal ones). As it is not absorbed from the gut, it is safe for oral use and does not have problems of drug interactions.

It is also used in cellular biology as an inhibitor of the lipid raft-caveolae endocytosis pathway on mammalian cells, at concentrations around 3 µg/mL.

Penicillium-infested tangerine. The spot absent of growth had nystatin applied to it before the fungus covered the fruit.

In certain cases, nystatin has been used to prevent the spread of mold on objects such as works of art. For example, it was applied to wood panel paintings damaged as a result of the Arno River Flood of 1966 in Florence, Italy.

Nystatin is also used as a tool by scientists performing "perforated" patch-clamp electrophysiologic recordings of cells. When loaded in the recording pipette, it allows for measurement of electrical currents without washing out the intracellular contents, because it forms pores in the cell membrane that are permeable to only monovalent ions.[4]

Mechanism of action

Like amphotericin B and natamycin, nystatin binds to ergosterol, a major component of the fungal cell membrane. When present in sufficient concentrations, it forms pores in the membrane that lead to K+ leakage and death of the fungus. Ergosterol is fairly unique to fungi, so the drug does not have such catastrophic effects on animals.

Origin

Like many other antifungals and antibiotics, nystatin is of bacterial origin. It was isolated from Streptomyces noursei in 1950 by Elizabeth Lee Hazen and Rachel Fuller Brown, who were doing research for the Division of Laboratories and Research of the New York State Department of Health. Hazen found a promising micro-organism in the soil of a friend's dairy farm. She named it Streptomyces noursei, after William Nourse, the farm's owner.[5] Hazen and Brown named nystatin after the New York State Public Health Department (now known as the Wadsworth Center) in 1954.

Brand names

References

  1. ^ Nystatin on RxList.com http://www.rxlist.com/script/main/srchcont_rxlist.asp?src=nystatin
  2. ^ Nystatin on Micromedex http://www.thomsonhc.com/hcs/librarian/ND_T/HCS/ND_PR/Main/CS/BCFBA8/DUPLICATIONSHIELDSYNC/6B2A9E/ND_PG/PRIH/ND_B/HCS/SBK/3/ND_P/Main/PFActionId/hcs.common.RetrieveDocumentCommon/DocId/0105/ContentSetId/31#pharmacokineticsSection
  3. ^ Nystatin on UpToDate http://www.utdol.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=drug_l_z/184320&selectedTitle=1%7E44&source=search_result#F202808
  4. ^ Akaike N, Harata N (1994). "Nystatin perforated patch recording and its applications to analyses of intracellular mechanisms" ([dead link]). Jpn. J. Physiol. 44 (5): 433–73. doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.44.433. PMID 7534361. http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/jjphysiol/44.433?from=PubMed. 
  5. ^ Ana Espinel-Ingroff, Medical mycology in the United States: a historical analysis (1894-1996), Springer, 2003, p. 62.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • nystatin — ystatin n. [From NY state + in, due to its discovery in New York State.] An antifungal antibiotic, extracted from fermentation broths of the soil actinomycete {Streptomyces noursei} and other actinomycetes; called also {fungicidin}. It is a… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • nystatin — nystatin. См. нистатин. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • nystatin — [nis′tə tin] n. [N(ew) Y(ork) Stat(e), where it was developed + IN1] an antibiotic, C46H77NO19, used for treating fungal infections, as candidiasis …   English World dictionary

  • Nystatin — Strukturformel Allgemeines Freiname Nystatin Andere Namen …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Nystatin — Nys|ta|tin [Kurzw. aus New York State (Ort der Entdeckung) u. ↑ in (3)]; veraltetes Syn.: Fungicidin: aus Streptomycesstämmen isolierbares Polyen Makrolid Antibiotikum, das lokal als Antimykotikum angewendet wird. * * * Nystatin   [Kurzwort] das …   Universal-Lexikon

  • nystatin — noun Etymology: New York State (where it was developed) + 1 in Date: 1952 an antifungal antibiotic that is derived from a soil actinomycete (Streptomyces noursei) and is used especially to treat candidiasis …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • nystatin — (nis tah tin) A polyene antibiotic from Streptomyces noursei that is used in the treatment of Candida infections of the skin, vagina, and alimentary tract …   Dictionary of microbiology

  • nystatin — A polyene antibiotic active against fungi. The name is derived from ‘New York State Health Department’ where it was discovered as a product of Streptomyces noursei …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • nystatin — /nis teuh tin/, n. Pharm. a light yellow antibiotic powder, C46H77NO19, produced by the microorganism Streptomyces noursei and used as an antifungal for infections due to various susceptible fungi, esp. those of the genus Candida that primarily… …   Universalium

  • nystatin — noun An antifungal drug used especially against Candida …   Wiktionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”