PWS-10

PWS-10
Role	Fighter aircraft
Manufacturer	PWS
First flight	March 1930
Introduction	1932
Retired	1939
Primary users	Polish Air Force Spanish Air Force
Produced	1931-1932
Number built	80

The PWS-10 was a Polish fighter aircraft, constructed in the PWS (Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów - Podlasie Aircraft Factory). It was the first Polish-designed fighter to enter serial production.

Design and development

First works on a domestic fighter to replace ill-fated French SPAD 61s in the Polish Air Force started in the PWS in 1927. Main designers were Aleksander Grzędzielski and Augustyn Zdaniewski. In 1929 the first prototype was built and it first flew in March 1930. At the same time, more modern fighter PZL P.1 was developed in the PZL. Despite the P.1 was more capable fighter, but the War Ministry decided that it needed further work, and a series of 80 PWS-10 was ordered as a temporary measure. In comparison with the advanced P.1, the PWS-10 was more classic design, a high-wing parasol monoplane of mixed construction.

The series was built from 1931 to 1932, numbered from 5-1 to 5-80.

A variant of PWS-10 was a biplane PWS-15, being basically PWS-10 with another pair of wings. A single prototype was made in order to compare with a monoplane, on factory's own initiative. It first flew in spring of 1931. It offered better manoeuvrability and climb ratio with slightly lower maximum speed. PWS-15 was not produced and was soon broken up.

Description

Mixed construction high-wing parasol monoplane, canvas and plywood covered. A fuselage of a metal frame, covered with duralumin in front section and canvas in rear section. Two-spar elliptic wings, of wooden construction, canvas and plywood covered. Stabilizers, rudder and elevator of metal construction, canvas covered. Open pilot's cockpit, with a windshield. Conventional fixed landing gear, with a rear skid. Engine: 12-cylinder water-cooled inline W engine Lorraine-Dietrich LD-12Eb, built by licence in Polish Skoda Works. Water radiator under a fuselage front. Two-blade wooden propeller of a fixed pitch. Fuel tank 280 l in a fuselage. Armament: two fixed 7.7 mm Vickers machineguns with interrupter gear, in hull sides.

Operational history

PWS-10 entered service in the Polish Air Force starting from 1932. It was used in escadres nos. 122, 131, 132, 141. Their flight characteristics and performance were mediocre. As soon, as in 1933 they were replaced in combat units by PZL P.7 and moved to aviation school in Dęblin. Some were used there by the outbreak of World War II and in summer 1939 all remaining airworthy aircraft were gathered in Ułęż^[1].

In late 1936, during the Spanish Civil War, 20 PWS-10 were sold in secret to Spanish nationalist forces, via Portugal. Aircraft were transported in crates and were assembled by PZL workers^[2]. First aircraft was flown in December 1936 in Leon. Being obsolete by then, they were not used as fighters, only fighter pilot training (for 4. Fighter Group) in El Copero near Seville. Later PWS-10s were transferred to Jerez de la Frontera where were operated between April 1937 and end of 1938. Spanish aircraft received name Chiquita, or unofficial Pavipollo and they had numbers from 4-1 to 4-20. Some were lost in crashes or scrapped, the remaining 11 were operated till the end of the 1938 and were retired in 1939^[3].

During the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 they were too obsolete to be used in combat, but some were used for reconnaissance flights in an improvised Dęblin Group during first days of war.

Variants

• PWS-10 : Single-seat fighter biplane.
• PWS-10M : This was the original designation of the PWS-10.
• PWS-15 : PWS-10 with a new wing, one conversion only, not successful.

Operators

 Poland

• Polish Air Force

 Spanish State

• Spanish Air Force

Specifications

General characteristics

• Crew: 1
• Length: 7.7 m ()
• Wingspan: 10.5 m ()
• Height: 2.9 m ()
• Wing area: 18.25 m² (ft²)
• Empty weight: 1113 kg ()
• Loaded weight: 1500 kg ()
• Useful load: 387 kg ()
• Max takeoff weight: 1550 kg ()
• Powerplant: 1 × Lorraine-Dietrich LD-12Eb water-cooled 12-cylinder inline, 478 hp ()

Performance

• Maximum speed: 240 km/h
• Cruise speed: 215 km/h
• Range: 520 km ()
• Service ceiling: 5,900 m ()
• Rate of climb: 5.8 m/s ()
• Wing loading: 82.3 kg/m² ()

Armament

2 x 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns

References

1. ^ Kołodziejski, Andrzej. "PWS-10" at Lotnictwo z Szachownicą (magazine) #29. (Polish language)
2. ^ Kołodziejski, Andrzej. "PWS-10" at Lotnictwo z Szachownicą (magazine) #29. (Polish language)
3. ^ Kołodziejski, Andrzej. "PWS-10" at Lotnictwo z Szachownicą (magazine) #29. (Polish language)

• Glass, Andrzej. "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" (Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939), WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 (Polish language, no ISBN)
• Kołodziejski, Andrzej. "PWS-10". Lotnictwo z Szachownicą (magazine) #29. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Sanko, 2008. ISSN 1643-5702 (Polish language).

External links

• Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba

• PWS in Spanish Army

See also