Charles B. Pierce

Charles B. Pierce
Charles B. Pierce in Boggy Creek II: And the Legend Continues (1985)
Born	June 16, 1938 Hammond, Indiana, U.S.
Died	March 5, 2010 (aged 71) Dover, Tennessee, U.S.
Other names	Charles R. Pierce Charles Pierce Chuck Pierce
Occupation	Actor, director, screenwriter, producer, set decorator, cinematographer
Years active	1966–1998
Spouse	Florene Lyons (divorced) Cindy Butler (divorced) Beth Pulley

Charles B. Pierce (June 16, 1938 – March 5, 2010) was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, set decorator, cinematographer and actor, and is considered one of the first independent filmmakers. Pierce directed thirteen films over the span of 26 years, but is best known for his cult hits The Legend of Boggy Creek (1973) and The Town That Dreaded Sundown (1976).

Pierce was born in Hammond, Indiana, but moved to Arkansas early in his childhood. After working in production jobs at television stations, Pierce moved to Texarkana and started an advertising agency. He made his directorial debut with The Legend of Boggy Creek, a faux documentary-style film inspired by the legend of the Bigfoot-like Fouke Monster. The film was funded largely by a donation from an advertising client, and Pierce rented a local movie theater to exhibit it. The low-budget film grossed roughly $25 million.

Pierce followed the success with several inexpensive, regional films set in Southeastern and Southwestern United States. Among them were The Town That Dreaded Sundown, based on the true story of the Phantom Killer murders in Texarkana. Pierce continued directing films into the 1980s, when he wrote the story for the Clint Eastwood film Sudden Impact (1983). For that screenplay, he is said to have written the phrase, "Go ahead, make my day," which became one of the most famous movie quotes in history.

After years of pressure from producers, Pierce directed a Boggy Creek sequel, Boggy Creek II: And the Legend Continues (1985), which he considered the worst film of his career. The sequel was featured in a 1999 episode of the comedy television series Mystery Science Theater 3000, which ultimately increased Pierce's visibility. Pierce died of natural causes in Dover, Tennessee. His work has been cited as an influence on the horror film The Blair Witch Project (1999).

Early life

I've always said that to be a decent director, you had to play well as a kid. I played cowboys and Indians and cars, built stick bridges and roads.

“

”

Charles B. Pierce^[1]

Charles B. Pierce was born in Hammond, Indiana on June 16, 1938,^[2] one of three boys born to Mack McKenny Pierce and Mayven Bryant Pierce.^[3] His family moved to the southwestern Arkansas city of Hampton when he was just a few months old.^[4] There he was a childhood friend and neighbor of future film and television director Harry Thomason,^[4] and the two made home movies together in their backyards using an old 8 mm camera.^[5] His first professional foray into media entertainment was in the mid-1960s as an art director at KTAL-TV in Shreveport, Louisiana. He later became a weatherman and hosted a children's cartoon show for that channel.^[6]

Pierce continued working in production jobs at television stations in Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas until 1969, when he moved to Texarkana, bought a 16 mm camera and started an advertising agency. He started a contract with Ledwell & Son Enterprises, a Texarkana-based firm that built 18-wheel trailers and farm equipment. Pierce developed commercials for the company that played throughout the Southwestern United States, using mostly footage he shot of trucks on the highway and farming equipment being used. Pierce said the reputation he developed with those commercials later helped him launch his film career.^[5] Also during this time, Pierce played a character named Mayor Chuckles on The Laffalot Club, a local Arkansas children's television show.^[4][7] Pierce launched his independent film career in the early 1970s, when he sought funding from L.W. Ledwell, the owner of Ledwell & Son Enterprises. Ledwell was skeptical of the idea,^[5] but ultimately agreed to provide about $100,000 of the $160,000 budget for Pierce's first film.^[8][9] Prior to his directorial debut, Pierce worked as a set decorator for television shows like the Western series Hondo and for films like Waco (1966) and Coffy (1973).^[10]

The Legend of Boggy Creek

His directorial debut was The Legend of Boggy Creek, which was inspired by the Fouke Monster, a six-foot-tall Bigfoot-like creature said to live in Fouke, an Arkansas town near Texarkana. Pierce said he did not necessarily believe in the legend but was fascinated with the stories about the monster. After interviewing Fouke residents who said they encountered the monster, Pierce became impressed with their authenticity and down-to-earth qualities.^[5][11] Pierce approached Earl E. Smith, an acquaintance from the advertising business, to adapt those eyewitness tales into a screenplay.^[12] The film was shot at locations in Fouke, Texarkana and Shreveport,^[13] using a camera Pierce built himself at home.^[4] It was filmed in a faux documentary style as if it was a true story, and included interviews with actual Fouke residents mixed with dramatizations of their supposed encounters with the creatures.^[8] Like Pierce, the film's financial backers and many of the actors had never been involved in a film before.^[14][15]

Pierce cast the actors by waiting at a local gas station and approaching customers whenever he saw somebody that looked like they fit one of the parts. He hired high school students as crew members who helped load and move equipment.^[12][16] For the creature itself, Pierce limited the sightings to shadowy figures because he felt the film would be more frightening if the creature was left to the viewer's imagination.^[17] Pierce himself sang the theme song featured in the film.^[18] Once the film was completed, Pierce put the reel into the trunk of his trunk and drove to Los Angeles seeking post-production services. He met Jamie Mendoza-Nava, who owned a small post-production company and agreed to work on the film for limited up-front pay and a small percentage of the film's box-office receipts. Pierce could not find a major studio willing to distribute it, so he rented a local movie theater in Texarkana for one week to screen the film.^[9] He cleaned the property himself to prepare for the debut.^[18]

Released in 1973,^[14] The Legend of Boggy Creek premiered at what was later called the Perot Theatre, where lines stretched around the block to see it.^[4] Pierce did not expect it to become a financial success,^[14] but it made $55,000 in the first three weeks from that single theater.^[18] Eventually, Pierce entered into a distribution deal with Joy N. Houck, owner of the independent distribution company Howco, who paid Pierce $1.29 million for a 50 percent interest in The Legend of Boggy Creek. Pierce and Houck also signed with American International Pictures for foreign and television distribution.^[19] It became a hit at drive-in movie theaters, eventually gaining a cult status and bringing Pierce a semblance of fame.^[8][20] The film went on to gross roughly $25 million,^[8][21] making it one of the highest grossing films of the year.^[10][16] At the time of the film's release, Pierce incorrectly predicted to newspapers that it would win several Academy Awards.^[22] Several similarly-styled films about strange and allegedly true phenomena were released in subsequent years due to success of The Legend of Boggy Creek.^[23] J.E. "Smokey" Crabtree, a Fouke resident who appeared as himself in the film, became disgruntled with the production company and filed a lawsuit against Pierce and his financial supporters. Pierce declined to speak to the media about the suit.^[17]

Post-Boggy Creek career

I didn't want to do another Boggy Creek, not for a while. I was still trying to prove myself as a filmmaker; I didn't want to have to turn around and shoot the same thing all over again. I wanted to do something different.

“

”

Charles B. Pierce^[19]

Following the success of The Legend of Boggy Creek, Pierce was encouraged to film a sequel, but he initially resisted because he wanted to prove himself as a filmmaker rather than duplicate the same idea.^[19] He continued to make inexpensive regional films set in Southeastern and Southwestern United States, targeting primarily small-town and rural audiences.^[24] His family said Pierce liked to be continuously working and would start a new film immediately after finishing the last.^[4] His sophomore effort was Bootleggers (1974), a period action-comedy film about rival families making moonshine in the Ozark Mountains. It featured Slim Pickins and the first major performance of Jaclyn Smith, who went on to play Kelly Garrett in the television series Charlie's Angels. Pierce followed that film up with two Westerns released in 1976. The first, Winterhawk, was about violence erupting between Blackfoot Native Americans and white villagers. The film proved difficult for Pierce to shoot due to challenges from the weather and problems with the horses on the set.^[25] However, according to Pierce, Winterhawk ended up becoming more widely seen than The Legend of Boggy Creek. His second Western was Winds of Autumn.^[19] Pierce co-wrote all of these films with his Boggy Creek partner, Earl E. Smith. Pierce made a trademark of casting his friends in his films,^[26] and Pierce himself performed minor roles in both Winterhawk and Winds of Autumn.^[6] During this period, Pierce continued working as a set decorator for films such as Black Belt Jones (1974).^[10]

Pierce returned to the horror genre with the 1976 film The Town That Dreaded Sundown, based on the true story of the Phantom Killer, an unidentified serial killer who murdered five people in Texarkana in 1946. Pierce remembered being scared by news stories about the killer during his youth in Hampton.^[19] He received some criticism for the graphic violence portrayed in the film, particularly one scene where the killer ties a woman to a tree, attaches a knife to the end of a trombone, then repeatedly stabs her while playing the instrument. Pierce said he purposely made the film violent because he felt the real-life situation was horrific and he did not want to glaze over it. While filming horror scenes, he tried to create a suspenseful mood by clearing the set of only the essential cast and staff, then refusing to let them talk to each other as the scenes were shot.^[26] Pierce himself appeared in The Town That Dreaded Sundown as police Patrolman A.C. "Spark Plug" Benson, an idiotic comic relief character.^[27] The name "Spark Plug" was a real-life nickname given to the director due to his energy.^[6] Pierce described The Town That Dread Sundown as a very easy and enjoyable shoot with no major problems on the set. His wife at the time, Cindy Butler, was cast as the woman murdered by the trombone.^[26]

During this period, Pierce worked as set decorator for such films as The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976) and The Cheap Detective (1978).^[6] The year after The Town That Dreaded Sundown, Piece directed and co-wrote Grayeagle, a Western based on a Cheyenne legend of a white man whose child (with an Indian wife) is kidnapped by a young warrior named Grayeagle. Pierce himself appeared in the film as Bugler, a half-insane white man who takes on a Shoshone identity.^[28] Pierce next wrote and directed The Norseman (1978), which starred Lee Majors as a Viking prince who traveled to America to rescue his father from Indians. Working with a multi-million dollar budget, Pierce shot the film in the Florida locations Hillsborough River State Park and New Port Richey.^[29] The next year he co-wrote and directed The Evictors (1979), another documentary-style horror film about a young couple who move into a rural Louisiana farmhouse and find their lives endangered by a series of strange events. Pierce was inspired to write the script after reading a true story in a detective magazine about a Kansas family who murdered somebody trying to evict them from the property. In order to match the late-evening sunlight in his cinematography at the farmhouse set, Pierce set up reflectors outside and deflected the sunlight through the windows, which were fitted with sheer white curtains to give the actors an eerie glow. The Evictors was little-seen and did not do financially well, which was a disappointment to distributor American International Pictures, but Pierce believed it one of his better films. He also considered it his most downbeat film, and said of the unhappy ending, "I probably just didn't have any other way to end it."^[25]

Later career

In the 1980s, to further his career as a filmmaker, Pierce moved to Carmel, California, where he met and befriended actor Clint Eastwood. Pierce shared a film treatment he had developed with Eastwood, who liked the story and helped Pierce develop it into Sudden Impact (1983), the fourth entry in Eastwood's Dirty Harry film series.^[6][21] Pierce was given a writer's credit for the story along with his frequent screenwriting partner, Earl E. Smith.^[2][30] Pierce is said to have written the phrase, "Go ahead, make my day," the film's most famous line,^[6][21][31] which went on to be identified as one of the ten best movie quotes of all-time by the American Film Institute.^[6][32] The phrase was inspired by something his father once told Pierce in his youth while encouraging his son to mow the lawn: "When I come home tonight and the yard has not been mowed, you're going to make my day."^[6][33] However, whether Pierce truly invented the phrase has been brought into question, since the same line was used in the action-drama film Vice Squad (1982) the previous year.^[15] Around this time, Pierce also directed Sacred Ground (1983), which was released the same year as Sudden Impact.^[2]

I really didn't want to do Boggy Creek II. I think it's probably my worst picture. This time, I spent almost as much on the creature suit as I did on the film itself. ... I played too big a role in the picture, and I had too many of my friends in it. It's all right, but it's not one of my favorites.

“

”

Charles B. Pierce^[25]

In 1985, Pierce released a sequel to The Legend of Boggy Creek called Boggy Creek II: And the Legend Continues. American International Pictures had been encouraging Pierce to make a Boggy Creek sequel for years because they believed it would be financially profitable, but Pierce was resistant to the idea. An earlier sequel, Return to Boggy Creek (1977), was directed by Tom Moore, but Pierce did not participate in the production and did not like the final film. In his own Boggy Creek II: And the Legend Continues, Pierce starred as an anthropologist who brings three students on a expedition into the bayou to track down the creature.^[22][25] His son, Chuck Pierce, Jr., co-starred as Tim, one of the students. Pierce ultimately considered Boggy Creek II his worst film, believing his own role was too large and that he cast too many of his friends in supporting roles.^[25] Boggy Creek II was featured in a 1999 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000, a comedy television series in which the characters watch and make jokes about bad films. The episode ultimately increased Pierce's visibility to a wider audience.^[27]

In 1987, Pierce directed Hawken's Breed, a Western film starring Peter Fonda as a drifter who meets and rescues a young Shawnee woman.^[6] Pierce largely fell from the movie industry's public eye shortly after the release of Boggy Creek II. In 1996, he directed Renfroe's White Christmas, an adaptation of the classic children's book Renfroe's Christmas. Starting in 1997, he began production on his western film Chasing the Wind (1998), a gritty epic about a mountain man.^[25] It proved to be Pierce's final directorial effort, although he continued working as a set decorator for several television shows including MacGyver, Remington Steele, The Twilight Zone and Fresno, a Carol Burnett miniseries parodying prime time soap operas. Pierce's work on the latter show earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or a Special.^[6]

Pierce began writing the screenplay for a sequel to The Town That Dreaded Sundown, but the film never came to fruition.^[25] Around 2008, while developing the horror film The Wild Man of the Navidad, directors Duane Graves and Justin Meeks sought out Pierce, who they cited as a major influence on their work. Graves and Meeks wanted Pierce to work as a consultant on the film, but Pierce turned them down because, according to Graves, "if he's not running the show, he's not interested".^[34]

Death and legacy

He really did change the face of filmmaking. With his model, many filmmakers became successful with the drive-in creature feature, so to speak.

“

”

Christopher Crane
Arkansas Film Commissioner^[4]

In 2008, Pierce was honored at the Little Rock Film Festival, where festival producers screened a retrospective of his films,^[27] and presented him with a Lifetime Achievement Award.^[10] Also that year, the festival's best film award was renamed in his honor to the Charles B. Pierce Award for Best Film Made in Arkansas,^[33] In October 2009, the Arkansas Arts Council honored Pierce with the Judges' Special Recognition Award at the Governor's Arts Awards ceremony in Hot Springs.^[4][10] Pierce died of natural causes on March 5, 2010 at the Signature Care nursing home in Dover, Tennessee,^[6][8] where he had moved a few years earlier.^[4] He was 71. Pierce was buried in the Stewart County Memorial Gardens in Dover on March 7, the day the 82nd Academy Awards were broadcast, which his family felt was appropriate. Pierce directed thirteen films over the span of 26 years.^[21] He was considered one of the first independent filmmakers,^[3][4][11] and was credited with breaking new ground for other independent filmmakers, particularly for the Arkansas film industry.^[4]

Director Harry Thomason, Pierce's childhood friend and neighbor, praised him for finding success independently at a time when the film industry was so controlled by major studios.^[4] Daniel Myrick, co-director of the documentary-style The Blair Witch Project (1999), said he was strongly influenced by The Legend of Boggy Creek, which was one of his favorite films growing up.^[15][23] Myrick said he and fellow Blair Witch director Eduardo Sánchez wanted to "tap into the primal fear generated by the fact-or-fiction format like Legend of Boggy Creek".^[2][23] In an Orlando Sentinel article that ran on Halloween, Myrick identified The Legend of Boggy Creek as the one film that most inspired him.^[35] On September 2, 2010, Pierce was inducted into the Arkansas Entertainers Hall of Fame in a ceremony at the Arkansas Governor's Mansion in Little Rock.^[36]

Personal life

Pierce was married first to Florene Lyons. The marriage lasted 17 years and produced his only children. Pierce's second wife was Cindy Butler, who appeared in a role in his film The Town That Dread Sundown. Although they divorced, Pierce said they remained friends after they parted.^[26] He later married Beth Pulley, who he met while filming Hawken's Breed.^[6] Charles and Florene had two daughters and one son: Pamela Pierce Barcelou, Charles Bryant Pierce Jr. and Amanda Pierce Squitiero. He also had two stepdaughters and six grandchildren .^[3] Pierce was a Baptist who attended the Carlisle Missionary Baptist Church in Dover, Tennessee.^[3] He was also a passionate fan of the Arkansas Razorbacks, the University of Arkansas college sports teams.^[4]

Selected filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1966	Waco		Set decorator
1966	An Eye for an Eye		Set decorator
1970	The Strawberry Statement		Set decorator
1970	The Phantom Tollbooth		Set decorator
1970	Dirty Dingus Magee		Set decorator
1971	Pretty Maids All in a Row		Set decorator
1972	The Legend of Boggy Creek		Director, cinematographer, producer
1973	Coffy		Set decorator
1973	Dillinger		Set decorator
1974	Bootleggers	Othar Pruitt	Director, writer, producer
1974	Black Belt Jones		Set decorator
1976	Winterhawk		Director, writer
1976	The Winds of Autumn		Director
1976	The Outlaw Josey Wales		Set decorator
1976	The Town That Dreaded Sundown	Patrolman A.C. Benson	Director, producer
1977	Grayeagle		Director, writer
1978	The Norseman		Director, writer
1978	The Cheap Detective		Set decorator
1979	The Triangle Factory Fire Scandal		Set decorator
1979	The Evictors		Director, producer, writer
1983	Sacred Ground		Director, cinematographer
1985	Boggy Creek II: And the Legend Continues	Professor Brian C. "Doc" Lockart	Director, producer, writer
1987	Hawken's Breed	Noel Hickman as an old man	Director, producer, writer
1996	Renfroe's White Christmas		Director
1998	Chasing the Wind		Director

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1966	T.H.E. Cat		Set decorator 1 episode
1966	Please Don't Eat the Daisies		Set decorator 1 episode
1986	The Ellen Burstyn Show		Set decorator 1 episode
1986	Fresno		Set decorator Miniseries
1991	MacGyver		Set decorator 8 episodes

References

1. ^ Wooley, John (August 1997). "The "Boggy" Man". Fangoria (165): 13. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "PASSINGS: Charles B. Pierce, Aaron Cohen, Paul Serchia". Los Angeles Times. March 8, 2010. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/mar/08/local/la-me-passings9-2010mar09. Retrieved April 24, 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} "Charles Pierce (Obituary)". The Leaf-Chronicle. March 7, 2010. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Brand, Aaron (March 6, 2010). "Arkansas filmmaker Pierce dies". Texarkana Gazette. http://www.texarkanagazette.com/news/localnews/2010/03/06/arkansas-filmmaker-pierce-dies-1.php. Retrieved October 26, 2010. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Wooley, p. 14
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Hendricks, Nancy (September 7, 2010). "Charles Pierce (1938-2010)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Central Arkansas Library System. http://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4398. Retrieved October 26, 2010. 
7. ^ Hollis, Tim (2001). Hi There, Boys and Girls!: America's Local Children's TV Shows. Oxford, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 135. ISBN 1578063965. 
8. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Charles B. Pierce, Director of 'Boggy Creek,' Dies at 71". The New York Times. March 6, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/arts/10pierce.html. Retrieved April 24, 2010. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Wooley, p. 16
10. ^ ^{a b c d e} Agee, Levi (March 12, 2010). "Screen gems". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Conley, Mike (May 12, 2010). "Tales of the Weird". The McDowell News. 
12. ^ ^{a b} Wooley, p. 15
13. ^ Beck, Ken (February 24, 2002). "If you dare, take a whiff of 'Boggy Creek'". The Tennessean: p. 41D. 
14. ^ ^{a b c} "Community Caught By Surprise: Legendary Monster Becomes Money-Maker". The Victoria Advocate: p. 7C. August 23, 1973. 
15. ^ ^{a b c} Martin, Philip (March 14, 2010). "Charlie Pierce, show man". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. 
16. ^ ^{a b} Sabol, Jr., John G. (2009). Digging-Deep: An Archaeologist Unearths a Haunted Life. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. 93. ISBN 1449024815. 
17. ^ ^{a b} "Plaster cast of footprint". Associated Press (Arkansas Democrat-Gazette). July 20, 1986. 
18. ^ ^{a b c} Goodell, Gregory (1982). Independent Feature Film Production: A Complete Guide from Concept Through Distribution. New York City, New York: St. Martin's Griffin. p. xxi. ISBN 0312304625. 
19. ^ ^{a b c d e} Wooley, p. 17
20. ^ Rockoff, Adam (2002). Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978-1986. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 46. ISBN 0786412275. 
21. ^ ^{a b c d} Lowary, Jake (March 7, 2010). "Independent film pioneer Charles B. Pierce of Dover dies". The Leaf-Chronicle: p. A4. 
22. ^ ^{a b} Stanley, Tim (April 14, 2000). "Part of the big picture: Many Hollywood heavyweights enjoyed the dawn of stardom in films made in the heart of Arkansas". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette: p. W10. 
23. ^ ^{a b c} Wooley, John (August 3, 1999). "Urban legends: Partners use low-budget look to enhance 'Blair Witch Project'". Tulsa World. 
24. ^ Erickson, Hal. "Charles B. Pierce". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/artist/charles-b-pierce-106457. Retrieved October 14, 2010. 
25. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Wooley, p. 71
26. ^ ^{a b c d} Wooley, p. 18
27. ^ ^{a b c} Jenkins, Derek (May 15, 2008). "Charles Pierce retrospective". Arkansas Times. 
28. ^ Conlogue, Ray (December 30, 1977). "Cracks show in a wooden Grayeagle". The Globe and Mail. 
29. ^ Gilday, Katherine (July 12, 1978). "Great Odin! The Viking is bionic". The Globe and Mail. 
30. ^ Hagen, Bill (December 19, 1983). "Harry's dirty as ever, and dreary". The San Diego Union-Tribune: p. E3. 
31. ^ Prime, John Andrew (March 7, 2010). "'Boggy Creek' filmmaker Charles B. Pierce dead". The Times. 
32. ^ Preschel, Jill (June 22, 2005). "Top 100 Movie Lines". Associated Press (CBS News). http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/06/22/entertainment/main703461_page2.shtml?tag=contentMain;contentBody. Retrieved October 26, 2010. 
33. ^ ^{a b} "LRFF: Charles Pierce Makes My Day". Arkansas Times. May 17, 2008. 
34. ^ O'Connell, Joe (September 19, 2008). Beware: Bigfoot Ahead, Austin Chronicle "Beware: Bigfoot Ahead". The Austin Chronicle. http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid:674074 Beware: Bigfoot Ahead, Austin Chronicle. Retrieved October 26, 2010. 
35. ^ Boyar, Jay (October 31, 2000). "Fright Night: Directors reveal which films gave them the thrills and chills". Orlando Sentinel: p. E6. 
36. ^ "Hall of Fame will induct 9". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. September 7, 2010. 

External links

Biography portal

• Charles B. Pierce at the Internet Movie Database
• Charles B. Pierce at AllRovi

Persondata
Name	Pierce, Charles B.
Alternative names	Pierce, Charles R.; Pierce, Charles; Pierce, Chuck
Short description	Director, screenwriter, producer, set decorator, cinematographer, and actor
Date of birth	June 16, 1938
Place of birth	Hammond, Indiana, U.S.
Date of death	March 5, 2010
Place of death	Dover, Tennessee, U.S.