Crohn's Disease Activity Index

Crohn's Disease Activity Index

The Crohn's Disease Activity Index or CDAI is a research tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. This is of importance in research studies done on medications used to treat Crohn's disease; most major studies on newer medications use the CDAI in order to define response or remission of disease. As Crohn's disease is a disease with a variety of symptoms that affect quality of life, the quantification of symptoms may be of secondary importance to a quantitative assessment of the effect on quality of life. This has been addressed by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and other indices of quality of life for patients with Crohn's disease.[1]

Contents

Components of the index

The CDAI was developed by WR Best and colleagues from the Midwest Regional Health Center in Illinois, in 1976.[2] The index consists of eight factors, each summed after adjustment with a weighting factor. The components of the CDAI and weighting factors are the following:

Clinical or laboratory variable Weighting factor
Number of liquid or soft stools each day for seven days x 2
Abdominal pain (graded from 0-3 on severity) each day for seven days x 5
General well being, subjectively assessed from 0 (well) to 4 (terrible) each day for seven days x 7
Presence of complications* x 20
Taking Lomitil or opiates for diarrhea x 30
Presence of an abdominal mass (0 as none, 2 as questionable, 5 as definite) x 10
Hematocrit of <0.47 in men and <0.42 in women x 6
Percentage deviation from standard weight x 1

*One point each is added for each set of complications:

Remission of Crohn's disease is defined as a fall in the CDAI of less than 150. Severe disease was defined as a value of greater than 450.[2] Most major research studies on medications in Crohn's disease define response as a fall of the CDAI of greater than 70 points.[3][4]

Harvey-Bradshaw index

The Harvey-Bradshaw index was devised in 1980 as a simpler version of the CDAI for data collection purposes.[5] It consists of only clinical parameters:

  • general well-being (0 = very well, 1 = slightly below average, 2 = poor, 3 = very poor, 4 = terrible)
  • abdominal pain (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe)
  • number of liquid stools per day
  • abdominal mass (0 = none, 1 = dubious, 2 = definite, 3 = tender)
  • complications, as above, with one point for each.

A Simple Index of Crohn's disease activity has also been developed.[6]

Validation of the CDAI

While the CDAI is considered to be the gold standard for assessing disease activity in Crohn's disease, validation of the index has been varied.[7][8] A key criticism of the CDAI is that it does not incorporate a subjective assessment of quality of life, endoscopic factors, or systemic features, such as fatigue into its calculation.[1] Interestingly, the CDAI correlated well with protein loss in the bowel in patients with protein losing enteropathy.[9]

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire

As most symptoms of Crohn's disease broadly affect quality of life, attempts have been made to incorporate physical, social, and emotional performance characteristics into tests for severity of Crohn's disease. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) was developed to incorporate elements of social, systemic and emotional symptoms, as well as bowel related symptoms into an activity index. In a study of 305 patients in Ontario, the IBDQ was found to correlate well with the CDAI in assessing disease activity, but had the added benefit of being a more robust tool for determining the effect of symptoms on perceived quality of life.[1]

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ a b c Irvine E, Feagan B, Rochon J, Archambault A, Fedorak R, Groll A, Kinnear D, Saibil F, McDonald J (1994). "Quality of life: a valid and reliable measure of therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian Crohn's Relapse Prevention Trial Study Group.". Gastroenterology 106 (2): 287–96. PMID 8299896. 
  2. ^ a b Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, Kern F Jr. (Mar 1976). "Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study". Gastroenterology 70 (3): 439–444. PMID 1248701. 
  3. ^ Sands B, Anderson F, Bernstein C, Chey W, Feagan B, Fedorak R, Kamm M, Korzenik J, Lashner B, Onken J, Rachmilewitz D, Rutgeerts P, Wild G, Wolf D, Marsters P, Travers S, Blank M, van Deventer S (2004). "Infliximab maintenance therapy for fistulizing Crohn's disease.". N Engl J Med 350 (9): 876–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa030815. PMID 14985485. 
  4. ^ Hanauer S, Feagan B, Lichtenstein G, Mayer L, Schreiber S, Colombel J, Rachmilewitz D, Wolf D, Olson A, Bao W, Rutgeerts P (2002). "Maintenance infliximab for Crohn's disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial.". Lancet 359 (9317): 1541–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08512-4. PMID 12047962. 
  5. ^ Harvey R, Bradshaw J (1980). "A simple index of Crohn's-disease activity.". Lancet 1 (8167): 514. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(80)92767-1. PMID 6102236. 
  6. ^ Elliott P, Lennard-Jones J, Hathway N (1980). "Simple index of Crohn's disease activity.". Lancet 1 (8173): 876. PMID 6103229. 
  7. ^ Jørgensen L, Fredholm L, Hyltoft Petersen P, Hey H, Munkholm P, Brandslund I (2005). "How accurate are clinical activity indices for scoring of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?". Clin Chem Lab Med 43 (4): 403–11. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2005.073. PMID 15899657. 
  8. ^ Yoshida E (1999). "The Crohn's Disease Activity Index, its derivatives and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire: a review of instruments to assess Crohn's disease". Can J Gastroenterol 13 (1): 65–73. PMID 10099817. 
  9. ^ Acciuffi S, Ghosh S, Ferguson A (1996). "Strengths and limitations of the Crohn's disease activity index, revealed by an objective gut lavage test of gastrointestinal protein loss". Aliment Pharmacol Ther 10 (3): 321–6. doi:10.1111/j.0953-0673.1996.00321.x. PMID 8791958. 

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Crohn's disease — Classification and external resources The three most common sites of intestinal involvement in Crohn s disease are ileal, ileocolic and colonic.[ …   Wikipedia

  • Management of Crohn's disease — involves first treating the acute symptoms of the disease, then maintaining remission. Treatment initially involves the use of medications to eliminate infections, generally antibiotics, and reduce inflammation, generally aminosalicylate anti… …   Wikipedia

  • National Society for Colitis and Crohn's Disease — The National Association for Colitis and Crohn’s Disease (NACC) is a British medical research charity dedicated to the curing of Crohn s disease. The National Association for Colitis and Crohn s Disease (NACC) brings together people of all ages… …   Wikipedia

  • Morbus Crohn — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 K50. Crohn Krankheit [Enteritis regionalis] [Morbus Crohn] K50.0 Crohn Krankheit des Dünndarms I5642 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Enteritis regionalis Crohn — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 K50. Crohn Krankheit [Enteritis regionalis] [Morbus Crohn] K50.0 Crohn Krankheit des Dünndarmes I5642 K50.1 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • M Crohn — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 K50. Crohn Krankheit [Enteritis regionalis] [Morbus Crohn] K50.0 Crohn Krankheit des Dünndarmes I5642 K50.1 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Health and Disease — ▪ 2009 Introduction Food and Drug Safety.       In 2008 the contamination of infant formula and related dairy products with melamine in China led to widespread health problems in children, including urinary problems and possible renal tube… …   Universalium

  • Lyme disease — Classification and external resources Nymphal and adult deer ticks can be carriers of Lyme disease. Nymphs are about the size of a poppy seed. ICD 10 A …   Wikipedia

  • Ulcerative colitis — Classification and external resources Endoscopic image of a bowel section known as the sigmoid colon afflicted with ulcerative colitis. The internal surface of the colon is blotchy and broken in places …   Wikipedia

  • Chronische Enteritis — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 K50. Crohn Krankheit [Enteritis regionalis] [Morbus Crohn] K50.0 Crohn Krankheit des Dünndarmes I5642 K50.1 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”